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Nitrogen is an essential element in biological systems, forming a crucial component of proteins, nucleic acids, and other cellular constituents. Many bacteria and archaea acquire nitrogen in the form of nitrate (NO₃⁻) or ammonia (NH₃), which are then assimilated into biomolecules through specific enzymatic pathways.Assimilatory Nitrate ReductionWhen nitrate enters the cell, it undergoes a two-step reduction process known as assimilatory nitrate reduction. Initially, the enzyme...
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Updated: Dec 9, 2025

Measurement of the Potential Rates of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium Based on 14NH4+/15NH4+ Analyses via Sequential Conversion to N2O
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Dinitrogen Fixation: Rationalizing Strategies Utilizing Molecular Complexes.

Fabio Masero1, Marie A Perrin1, Subal Dey1

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir Prelog Weg 1-5, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|September 11, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers explore molecular complexes for transforming inert dinitrogen (N2) into valuable nitrogen sources. This review highlights catalytic strategies for N2 reduction and functionalization, crucial for industry and the biosphere.

Keywords:
catalysiscoordination complexesfunctionalizationmechanismnitrogen

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Area of Science:

  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Catalysis
  • Sustainable Chemistry

Background:

  • Dinitrogen (N2) is Earth's most abundant gas but is chemically inert.
  • Industrial and biological nitrogen fixation requires overcoming high kinetic barriers.
  • Molecular complexes offer potential for mild N2 transformation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review strategies for N2 reduction and functionalization using molecular transition metal and actinide complexes.
  • To elucidate reaction mechanisms, distinguishing between dissociative and associative pathways.
  • To present key examples of stoichiometric and catalytic N2 functionalization.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on molecular complexes mediating N2 functionalization.
  • Classification of complexes based on proposed reaction mechanisms (dissociative vs. associative).
  • Analysis of stoichiometric and catalytic N2 functionalization reactions.

Main Results:

  • Molecular complexes can mediate N2 functionalization under mild conditions.
  • Two primary mechanistic pathways (dissociative and associative) are identified.
  • Numerous examples of successful N2 reduction and functionalization are presented.

Conclusions:

  • Molecular transition metal and actinide complexes are effective for N2 transformation.
  • Understanding reaction mechanisms is key to designing efficient catalysts.
  • These strategies hold promise for sustainable nitrogen fixation.