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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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Magnetic bacteria exhibit a directed movement called magnetotaxis, driven by structures called magnetosomes. These magnetosomes consist of chains of magnetic particles made of either magnetite (Fe₃O₄) or greigite (Fe₃S₄) and are organized in a linear conformation by a protein scaffold within invaginations of the cell membrane. The bacteria align along the north–south magnetic field lines, much like a compass needle. They are typically microaerophilic or anaerobic...
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Biological Effects of Radiation02:59

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All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they...
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The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
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Updated: Dec 9, 2025

MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as A Novel Detection and Quantification Method
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MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as A Novel Detection and Quantification Method

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MicroRNAs Responding to Space Radiation.

Yujie Yan1, Kunlan Zhang1, Guangming Zhou1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High-energy space radiation causes DNA and epigenetic damage. This review examines microRNAs

Keywords:
microRNArisk assessmentspace radiation

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Area of Science:

  • Space biology
  • Radiation biology
  • Molecular biology

Background:

  • High-energy, high-linear energy transfer (HLE) space radiation poses significant health risks to astronauts.
  • HLE radiation induces severe DNA damage and epigenetic alterations, impacting biological systems.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial regulators of cellular responses to radiation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review microRNA expression and function in response to space radiation.
  • To explore the role of microRNAs in the complex space environment.
  • To identify future research directions for understanding space radiation's impact on miRNAs.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of expression profiling studies.
  • Analysis of functional studies on microRNAs and space radiation.
  • Review of research on microRNAs in simulated and actual space environments.

Main Results:

  • Space radiation significantly alters microRNA expression profiles.
  • MicroRNAs play a key role in mediating cellular responses to space radiation damage.
  • Evidence suggests microRNAs are involved in both DNA damage and epigenetic changes induced by space radiation.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding microRNA responses to space radiation is critical for astronaut health.
  • MicroRNAs are potential biomarkers for radiation exposure and damage.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate miRNA mechanisms for risk assessment and therapeutic development.