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Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
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Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
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Biochemical Assays for Analyzing Activities of ATP-dependent Chromatin Remodeling Enzymes
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Nucleosomes Meet Their Remodeler Match.

Jonathan Markert1, Karolin Luger1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.

Trends in Biochemical Sciences
|September 12, 2020
PubMed
Summary

ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers overcome DNA-histone interactions by binding to specific nucleosome features. This review highlights how these enzymes interact with nucleosomes to modulate chromatin structure.

Keywords:
ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling factorDNA accessibilitycryo-EMnucleosome

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Chromatin Biology

Background:

  • Eukaryotic genomes are primarily organized into nucleosomes, forming chromatin.
  • The DNA-histone complex in chromatin presents a barrier to DNA-dependent cellular processes.
  • ATP-dependent remodelers are crucial enzymes that modify nucleosome structure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and summarize the interaction sites between ATP-dependent remodelers and nucleosomes.
  • To elucidate how these interactions facilitate chromatin remodeling.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers.
  • Analysis of known nucleosome features utilized by remodelers.
  • Summarization of molecular mechanisms of remodeling enzyme-nucleosome interactions.

Main Results:

  • ATP-dependent remodelers bind to specific nucleosome features.
  • Diverse classes of remodelers employ distinct binding strategies.
  • These interactions are essential for modulating nucleosome structure and function.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding nucleosome-remodeler interactions is key to comprehending chromatin dynamics.
  • Specific nucleosome features dictate the recruitment and activity of remodelers.
  • Targeting these interactions offers potential therapeutic avenues in chromatin-related diseases.