Controlled Gene Delivery Systems: Nanomaterials and Chemical Approaches.

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Nanotechnology
• Molecular Biology

Background:

• Gene therapy success relies on effective gene delivery systems.
• Gene delivery systems modify cell functions and protein production by releasing genetic material.
• Controlled gene release minimizes side effects and enhances expression at the target site.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review various gene carriers for controlled nucleic acid transfer.
• To discuss simultaneous transfer of multiple genes and/or drugs.
• To explore stimuli-responsive systems for efficient and safe disease treatment.

Main Methods:

• Discussion of non-viral inorganic and organic nanoparticles (NPs).
• Review of virus-like particles (VLPs) as gene carriers.
• Exploration of stimuli-responsive mechanisms (redox, pH, temperature, light, enzymes).

Main Results:

• Gene carriers enable controlled release of genetic material.
• Stimuli-responsive systems allow for targeted delivery and reduced toxicity.
• Simultaneous delivery of genes and drugs enhances therapeutic potential.

Conclusions:

• Advanced gene delivery systems are crucial for effective gene therapy.
• Stimuli-responsive carriers offer localized treatment with fewer side effects.
• Nanoparticles and VLPs show promise for treating numerous diseases safely.