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Related Concept Videos

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The external iliac artery transitions out of the body cavity, entering the femoral region of the lower leg, and is renamed the femoral artery at the point where it traverses the body wall. This artery is responsible for the distribution of blood to the thigh's deep muscles and the skin's ventral and lateral regions, achieved through several minor branches and the lateral deep femoral artery, which also spawns a lateral circumflex artery. The knee area receives blood from the genicular...
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Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
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Veins of Lower Limbs01:15

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The human body consists of an intricate network of veins responsible for the crucial task of blood drainage from the lower limbs. These veins can be categorized into two main types: deep veins and superficial veins.
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During the postoperative period, it is crucial to focus on maintaining circulation, identifying and managing potential complications, and planning for discharge.Nursing AssessmentVital signs monitoring: Regularly monitor vital signs, including blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature, to detect early signs of complications such as bleeding and infection.Circulation assessment: Monitor pulses, perform Doppler assessments, and check capillary refill, color, temperature, and...
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Arteries of the Upper Limbs01:12

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The subclavian artery transitions into the axillary artery as it exits the chest and enters the axillary region. This artery is critical for supplying blood to the shoulder area, including the head of the humerus, through the humeral circumflex arteries. As the vessel continues into the upper arm or brachium, it becomes the brachial artery. This artery plays a key role in vascularizing the brachial region and bifurcates at the elbow into several branches. These branches include the deep...
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Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula01:10

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The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest bone in the body and is located right below the skin. The proximal end of the tibia forms the medial and the lateral condyle, which articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Between the articulating surfaces is the irregular elevated area known as the intercondylar eminence that serves as the inferior attachment point for...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 9, 2025

Procurement and Perfusion-Decellularization of Porcine Vascularized Flaps in a Customized Perfusion Bioreactor
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Propeller Flaps of the Lower Extremity.

Michael D Liette1, Pedro Rodriguez2, Christopher Bibbo3

  • 1University of Cincinnati Medical Center, 231 Albert Sabin Way, ML 0513, Cincinnati, OH 45276, USA.

Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery
|September 13, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Perforator-based propeller flaps offer rapid coverage for challenging lower extremity wounds. This technique presents a lower complication rate and reduced patient morbidity compared to traditional free flaps.

Keywords:
FasciocutaneousLimb salvageLower limb reconstructionPerforatorPropeller flapUlceration

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Area of Science:

  • Plastic Surgery
  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Vascular Surgery

Background:

  • Lower extremity wounds in the distal third pose significant challenges due to anatomical location and patient health.
  • Effective wound coverage is crucial for limb salvage and functional recovery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of perforator-based propeller flaps for covering distal lower extremity wounds.
  • To compare the complication rates and patient morbidity of propeller flaps versus free flaps.

Main Methods:

  • Surgical reconstruction using perforator-based propeller flaps.
  • Preoperative vascular assessment to identify suitable perforators.
  • Comparison of outcomes with historical data of soft tissue free flaps.

Main Results:

  • Propeller flaps provide rapid wound coverage with a low rate of major complications.
  • Minor complications associated with propeller flaps are generally manageable.
  • Similar rates of total flap necrosis were observed compared to free flaps, but with significantly less host morbidity.

Conclusions:

  • Perforator-based propeller flaps are a viable and effective option for managing challenging distal lower extremity wounds.
  • This technique offers advantages over free flaps, including reduced patient morbidity and comparable necrosis rates.