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Nucleotide Excision Repair01:38

Nucleotide Excision Repair

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Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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In order to be passed through generations, genomic DNA must be undamaged and error-free. However, every day, DNA in a cell undergoes several thousand to a million damaging events by natural causes and external factors. Ionizing radiation such as UV rays, free radicals produced during cellular respiration, and hydrolytic damage from metabolic reactions can alter the structure of DNA. Damages caused include single-base alteration, base dimerization, chain breaks, and cross-linkage.
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In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
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Updated: Dec 9, 2025

Visualization of DNA Repair Proteins Interaction by Immunofluorescence
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RNA in DNA repair.

Cathrine Broberg Vågbø1, Geir Slupphaug1

  • 1Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491, Trondheim, Norway; Proteomics and Modomics Experimental Core, PROMEC, at NTNU and the Central Norway Regional Health Authority, Stjørdal, Norway; Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.

DNA Repair
|September 13, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Cells use the DNA damage response (DDR) to repair genomic damage. Emerging evidence reveals RNA

Keywords:
DDRDNA repairLLPSRNARNA:DNA hybrids

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Genomic integrity is crucial for cellular function and preventing diseases like cancer.
  • The DNA damage response (DDR) is a complex cellular process that repairs DNA lesions.
  • Accumulating evidence highlights the involvement of RNA-binding proteins and RNA molecules in the DDR.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the multifaceted roles of RNA and RNA-binding proteins in the DNA damage response.
  • To investigate the implications of RNA in DNA repair mechanisms.
  • To underscore the potential of targeting RNA-DNA interactions for novel therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of current research findings.
  • Analysis of studies investigating RNA-binding proteins in DDR pathways.
  • Examination of evidence for RNA's direct involvement in DNA repair processes.

Main Results:

  • Numerous RNA-binding proteins and RNA molecules are integral components of the DDR.
  • RNA plays roles in damage sensing, recruitment of repair factors, and DNA end tethering.
  • RNA may serve as a template for DNA repair in specific contexts.

Conclusions:

  • RNA and its associated proteins are critical, yet underappreciated, players in maintaining genomic stability.
  • Further research into the RNA-DNA repair nexus could unveil new therapeutic avenues for diseases associated with DNA damage.
  • The vast non-coding RNA landscape offers unexplored potential for genomic maintenance strategies.