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Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management01:28

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Esophageal varices often manifest as gastrointestinal bleeding episodes, presenting symptoms like hematemesis (vomiting of blood), hematochezia (passing fresh blood via the rectum), and melena (black, tarry stools). Other signs can include weight loss, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, jaundice, pruritus, altered mental status, and muscle cramps.
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Esophageal varices are dilated, tortuous veins which are found mainly in the submucosa of the lower esophagus but which may also appear higher up or extend into the stomach. They develop due to increased pressure in the portal venous system, often as a result of liver cirrhosis. This condition scars and damages the liver, impeding normal blood flow through the portal vein. To compensate, blood seeks alternative pathways, forming fragile new vessels (varices) in the esophagus and stomach. These...
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The clinical manifestations of gastritis can vary depending on the cause and type of gastritis, but some common symptoms may include the following.
Clinical manifestations of acute gastritis
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Guidelines for Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding.

Joon Sung Kim1, Byung-Wook Kim1, Do Hoon Kim2

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea.

Gut and Liver
|September 14, 2020
PubMed
Summary

New Korean guidelines offer practical management strategies for nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB). These evidence-based recommendations address a critical need for patients in Korea, considering local health factors like H. pylori prevalence.

Keywords:
AntithromboticsGuidelineNonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugNonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Clinical Practice Guidelines

Background:

  • Nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB) is a serious condition requiring hospitalization, associated with high morbidity and mortality.
  • Existing international guidelines for NVUGIB management lack specific adaptation for the Korean healthcare context.
  • Korea presents unique epidemiological factors, including a high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and widespread endoscopic accessibility, necessitating tailored guidelines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish practical, evidence-based management guidelines for NVUGIB specifically for the Korean population.
  • To address the absence of previous Korean-specific guidelines for NVUGIB.
  • To provide healthcare professionals with a standardized approach to NVUGIB management in Korea.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive review of recent scientific evidence pertaining to NVUGIB management.
  • Deliberation and consensus-building by the Korean Society of Gastroenterology.
  • Formulation of practical recommendations based on the reviewed evidence and Korean healthcare context.

Main Results:

  • The Korean Society of Gastroenterology has developed and recommends practical management guidelines for NVUGIB.
  • These guidelines incorporate considerations for the high prevalence of H. pylori and endoscopic accessibility in Korea.
  • The recommendations aim to optimize the care of patients experiencing NVUGIB in Korea.

Conclusions:

  • The newly established Korean guidelines provide essential, practical recommendations for NVUGIB management.
  • These guidelines are crucial for improving patient outcomes in Korea, considering local epidemiological factors.
  • The recommendations facilitate standardized and effective care for NVUGIB within the Korean healthcare system.