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Related Concept Videos

Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

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Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
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Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the auditory system—they transduce mechanical sound waves into electrical energy that the nervous system can understand. Hair cells are located in the organ of Corti within the cochlea of the inner ear, between the basilar and tectorial membranes. The actual sensory receptors are called inner hair cells. The outer hair cells serve other functions, such as sound amplification in the cochlea, and are not discussed in detail here.
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In humans, the photoreceptor cells of the eye and sensory hair cells of the ear lack stem cells. These cells are thus unrenewable and cannot be replaced when they are damaged or destroyed.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 9, 2025

Author Spotlight: Dissection of Adult Mouse Stria Vascularis for Single-Nucleus Sequencing or Immunostaining
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Suppression of Connexin 43 Leads to Strial Vascular Hyper-Permeability, Decrease in Endocochlear Potential, and Mild

Jinhui Zhang1, Xiaohan Wang1,2, Zhiqiang Hou1

  • 1Oregon Hearing Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States.

Frontiers in Physiology
|September 14, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Connexin 43 (Cx43) is crucial for the blood-labyrinth-barrier (BLB) in the cochlea, maintaining hearing function and endocochlear potential (EP). Its suppression impairs BLB integrity and hearing.

Keywords:
blood-labyrinth-barrierconnexin 43endocochlear potentialhearing lossmouseperivascular macrophage

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Connexin 43 (Cx43) is vital for gap junctions (GJs) in barrier cells like the blood-brain-barrier (BBB).
  • Its role in the cochlear blood-labyrinth-barrier (BLB) remains understudied.
  • Cx43 facilitates intercellular communication and barrier regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the expression and function of Cx43 in the BLB of the stria vascularis.
  • To determine Cx43's role in maintaining cochlear barrier integrity, endocochlear potential (EP), and hearing function.

Main Methods:

  • Immunocytochemistry, patch-clamp dye loading, RT-PCR, and Western blot were used to detect Cx43 expression.
  • Endocochlear potential (EP) and auditory brainstem response (ABR) measured auditory function.
  • Cx43 was suppressed using small interfering RNA (siRNA) in vivo and in vitro.

Main Results:

  • Cx43 was found in endothelial cells (ECs) and perivascular resident macrophages (PVMs) of the stria vascularis.
  • Functional coupling between ECs and PVMs via Cx43 was demonstrated and blocked by 18α-GA.
  • Cx43 suppression led to increased hearing threshold, decreased EP, and enhanced BLB permeability.
  • In vitro, Cx43 suppression disrupted tight junctions (TJs) in ECs, increasing permeability.

Conclusions:

  • Cx43 expression in the stria vascularis is essential for maintaining BLB integrity.
  • Cx43 plays a critical role in regulating EP and preserving normal hearing function.
  • Targeting Cx43 may offer therapeutic avenues for hearing disorders related to BLB dysfunction.