Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

13.1K
The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
13.1K
Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation02:19

Circadian Rhythms and Gene Regulation

4.4K
The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
4.4K
Defense Mechanism Against Infection01:26

Defense Mechanism Against Infection

8.8K
Natural flora, body system defenses, and inflammation are natural barriers of the body against infectious agents regardless of previous exposure. Normal floras of the human body refer to the microbial population that colonizes the skin and mucous membranes.
In addition, many body organ systems have unique defenses against infection. The skin is an intact, multilayered surface preventing invasion by microorganisms unless impaired. Mucous membranes lining the mouth, nose, and eyelids are barriers...
8.8K
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

2.4K
The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
2.4K
Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

749
Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
749
Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing01:28

Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing

335
Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...
335

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The importance of meal timing for maintenance of daily rhythms in the gut transcriptome and microbiota.

Npj biological timing and sleep·2026
Same author

Guideline review: 2025 British Society of Gastroenterology guidelines on inflammatory bowel disease in adults - Part 1: Crohn's disease.

Frontline gastroenterology·2026
Same author

Guideline review: 2025 British Society of Gastroenterology guidelines on inflammatory bowel disease in adults - Part 2: ulcerative colitis.

Frontline gastroenterology·2026
Same author

Allergen-induced airway matrix remodeling in mice can be prevented or reversed by targeting chitinase-like proteins.

Science immunology·2025
Same author

Colonic inflammation modulates the intestinal circadian landscape.

iScience·2025
Same author

British Society of Gastroenterology guidelines on inflammatory bowel disease in adults: 2025.

Gut·2025
Same journal

Immunogenicity and protective potential of a mucosal protein-only vaccine candidate for tuberculosis.

Frontiers in immunology·2026
Same journal

The role of mitochondrial proteases in inflammation and immunity.

Frontiers in immunology·2026
Same journal

Long term survival in three pancreatic cancer patients following Whipple's procedure and allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation.

Frontiers in immunology·2026
Same journal

Innate immune circuits in acute lung injury: macrophage plasticity, ILC crosstalk, and tissue repair failure.

Frontiers in immunology·2026
Same journal

Next-generation CAR-T engineering for colorectal cancer: integrating targets, tumor microenvironment barriers, and emerging strategies.

Frontiers in immunology·2026
Same journal

Comparative assessment of tissue cross-reactivity and pharmacokinetic half-life of malaria monoclonal antibodies.

Frontiers in immunology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 9, 2025

An Intestinal Gut Organ Culture System for Analyzing Host-Microbiota Interactions
05:27

An Intestinal Gut Organ Culture System for Analyzing Host-Microbiota Interactions

Published on: June 30, 2021

4.9K

Circadian Host-Microbiome Interactions in Immunity.

Thomas D Butler1, Julie E Gibbs1

  • 1Centre for Biological Timing, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.

Frontiers in Immunology
|September 14, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The gut microbiome exhibits daily rhythms influencing immunity. Disruptions to these host-microbiome interactions increase inflammation and metabolic disease risk.

Keywords:
circadiandiurnalimmunitymicrobiomeshort chain fatty acids

More Related Videos

The Use of Mouse Splenocytes to Assess Pathogen-associated Molecular Pattern Influence on Clock Gene Expression
06:50

The Use of Mouse Splenocytes to Assess Pathogen-associated Molecular Pattern Influence on Clock Gene Expression

Published on: July 24, 2018

7.8K
Investigation of Microbial Cooperation via Imaging Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Bacterial Colonies Grown on Agar and in Tissue During Infection
09:49

Investigation of Microbial Cooperation via Imaging Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Bacterial Colonies Grown on Agar and in Tissue During Infection

Published on: November 18, 2022

2.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 9, 2025

An Intestinal Gut Organ Culture System for Analyzing Host-Microbiota Interactions
05:27

An Intestinal Gut Organ Culture System for Analyzing Host-Microbiota Interactions

Published on: June 30, 2021

4.9K
The Use of Mouse Splenocytes to Assess Pathogen-associated Molecular Pattern Influence on Clock Gene Expression
06:50

The Use of Mouse Splenocytes to Assess Pathogen-associated Molecular Pattern Influence on Clock Gene Expression

Published on: July 24, 2018

7.8K
Investigation of Microbial Cooperation via Imaging Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Bacterial Colonies Grown on Agar and in Tissue During Infection
09:49

Investigation of Microbial Cooperation via Imaging Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Bacterial Colonies Grown on Agar and in Tissue During Infection

Published on: November 18, 2022

2.6K

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Chronobiology

Background:

  • The gut microbiome is crucial for host immunity, not merely a passive bystander.
  • Recent research reveals circadian (24-hour) rhythms in microbiota composition, location, and metabolism.
  • These rhythms are vital for maintaining intestinal immunity, barrier function, and immune cell populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review factors influencing circadian variations in the gut microbiome.
  • To explore how host-microbiome interactions affect the molecular clock and immunity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on gut microbiome, circadian rhythms, and host immunity.
  • Analysis of factors driving microbiome rhythmicity (e.g., meal timing, diet, host clocks).
  • Examination of the bidirectional impact between host circadian clocks and the microbiome.

Main Results:

  • Circadian oscillations are observed in gut microbiota composition, localization, and metabolic functions.
  • Key microbial metabolites (SCFAs, tryptophan derivatives) contribute to intestinal immunity.
  • Disruption of rhythmic host-microbiome interactions leads to immune dysfunction, inflammation, and metabolic issues.

Conclusions:

  • Circadian rhythms in the gut microbiome are integral to host immune homeostasis.
  • Factors like diet and host clocks drive these microbiome rhythms.
  • Understanding these interactions is crucial for addressing immune and metabolic diseases.