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Updated: Dec 9, 2025

Assessment of Stress Effects on Cognitive Flexibility using an Operant Strategy Shifting Paradigm
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Interrelations between pain, stress and executive functioning.

Liviu Feller1, Gal Feller2, Theona Ballyram3

  • 1Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa.

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|September 14, 2020
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Summary

Executive functions regulate emotions and behavior. Impaired executive functioning can worsen stress and pain, while stress and pain can negatively impact executive functions, highlighting their interconnectedness.

Keywords:
Chronic painexecutive functioningneural connectionspain experiencepsychosocial stressorsstress response

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Executive functions are crucial for self-regulation, influencing cognition, emotion, and behavior.
  • The prefrontal cortex and limbic system exhibit reciprocal neural connectivity, integrating cognitive and emotional pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the intricate relationship between pain, stress, and executive functions.
  • To elucidate how executive functioning modulates responses to pain and stress.

Main Methods:

  • This is a narrative review, synthesizing existing research.
  • Analysis of literature on the neural underpinnings of executive functions, stress, and pain.

Main Results:

  • Executive functioning enables self-regulation of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral processes.
  • Prefrontal cortex-limbic system connectivity is vital for integrating emotional and cognitive information.
  • Impaired executive functions can lead to dysregulation in processing pain, stress, and emotions.

Conclusions:

  • Executive functioning is key to self-regulation, impacting how individuals manage stress and pain.
  • The interplay between the prefrontal cortex and limbic system influences adaptive behaviors and responses to stressors.
  • Both the quantity and quality of neural connections between these regions are critical for stress and pain experiences.