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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction01:26

Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction

387
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) impact various parts of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. These infections are generally bacterial, with Escherichia coli being the most common causative agent, often originating from the gastrointestinal tract. However, other bacteria, such as Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis, are also known to cause UTIs. The type, location, and underlying complexity of the UTI guide both...
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Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

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The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
413
Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:30

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

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A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
158
Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

266
Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
266
Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction

293
Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...
293
Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

304
Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such...
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Isolation of Single Intracellular Bacterial Communities Generated from a Murine Model of Urinary Tract Infection for Downstream Single-cell Analysis
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Bacteria-ball in the urinary tract: a rare entity.

Lim Tze Ying Benjamin1, Wai Loon Yam1, Angeline Choo Choo Poh2

  • 1Department of Urology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore.

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A rare bacterial ball in the urinary tract was found in a patient with diabetic cystopathy and a long-term catheter. This unusual finding presented as a bladder stone on CT scan.

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Microbiology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Diabetic cystopathy often requires long-term urinary catheterization, increasing infection risk.
  • Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in catheterized patients, but bacterial masses are exceptionally rare.

Observation:

  • A patient with diabetic cystopathy on a long-term indwelling urinary catheter presented with fever and gross hematuria.
  • Abdominal and pelvic CT scans revealed a gas-containing, hyperdense bladder mass, initially suspected to be a bladder stone.

Findings:

  • Histopathology confirmed the mass was a bacterial colony embedded within an acellular matrix.
  • This represents the first reported case of a bacterial ball within the urinary tract.

Implications:

  • This case highlights an extremely rare complication of long-term urinary catheterization in diabetic patients.
  • It underscores the importance of considering unusual etiologies for bladder masses, even in the presence of typical UTI symptoms.