A Case Report on Dengue Encephalitis With Optic Neuropathy.

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Infectious Diseases
• Ophthalmology

Background:

• Dengue virus (Flavivirus) is endemic in tropical/subtropical regions, causing a spectrum of illness.
• Dengue fever can manifest with diverse symptoms, affecting multiple organ systems.
• Dengue virus serotypes DENV-2 and DENV-3 are frequently linked to neurological complications.

Observation:

• A 19-year-old male presented with encephalitis and optic neuropathy following dengue fever diagnosis.
• Diagnostic tools included brain MRI, electroencephalogram, fundoscopy, and visual evoked potential testing.
• The patient exhibited atypical dengue symptoms, indicating multi-systemic involvement.

Findings:

• Brain MRI, EEG, fundoscopy, and VEP confirmed encephalitis and optic neuropathy.
• High-dose intravenous steroid therapy was administered in pulses.
• The patient experienced complete visual and neurological recovery after treatment.

Implications:

• Dengue fever can present with unusual neurological manifestations, requiring clinical awareness.
• Early diagnosis of dengue-related neurological complications is crucial.
• Timely and effective treatment, such as pulsed steroid therapy, can significantly improve patient outcomes and reduce long-term morbidity.