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Epidemiological Differences of COVID-19 Over the World
Abida Sayed1, Krishna Teja Challa1, Sateesh Arja2
1Department of Medicine and Research, Avalon University School of Medicine, Willemstad, CUW.
Cureus
|September 14, 2020
Summary
National COVID-19 prevalence may be linked to Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination policies. However, current data shows an insignificant difference, suggesting other factors influence COVID-19 epidemiology.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Immunology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- The global spread of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to significant healthcare system devastation.
- Observed variations in COVID-19 prevalence across different global regions warrant investigation into contributing factors.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify differential national COVID-19 prevalence.
- To explore potential links between COVID-19 prevalence and epidemiological differences, specifically BCG vaccination history.
Main Methods:
- A literature review was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar.
- Search terms included "COVID-19", "coronavirus", and "BCG vaccination" (including "Bacillus Calmette-Guérin" and "vaccine").
Main Results:
- A statistically insignificant difference (P>0.05) in COVID-19 prevalence was found between countries with and without BCG vaccination policies.
- The inconclusivity of the results suggests the presence of confounding factors influencing the observed data.
Conclusions:
- National variations in COVID-19 cases may be influenced by immunologic factors like BCG vaccination protocols.
- Establishing a direct correlation is cautioned due to weak statistical data quality and poor testing rates in some BCG-vaccinated countries.
- Further epidemiological analysis is crucial for effective COVID-19 control and prevention strategies.
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