Tuberculosis in migrants - screening, surveillance and ethics

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Infectious Disease Epidemiology
• Migration Health

Background:

• Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading infectious cause of mortality globally, claiming nearly 2 million lives annually.
• In low TB incidence countries, TB is primarily an imported disease, making migrant populations a key focus for control.
• The World Health Organization's (WHO) End TB strategy emphasizes TB elimination, necessitating robust strategies in diverse settings.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current TB screening and surveillance approaches for migrants in low TB incidence countries.
• To discuss the complex ethical considerations surrounding TB screening of migrants.
• To explore the balance between public health interests and migrant human rights in TB elimination efforts.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of TB screening and surveillance strategies in low-incidence countries.
• Analysis of ethical frameworks and human rights considerations related to migrant health.
• Discussion of stakeholder interests in TB control among migrant populations.

Main Results:

• Various screening and surveillance methods are employed, but their effectiveness and ethical implications vary.
• Significant ethical challenges exist in implementing TB screening for migrants, requiring careful consideration of rights and equity.
• A holistic approach balancing public health goals with human rights is essential for successful TB elimination.

Conclusions:

• Effective TB control in low-incidence settings requires tailored screening and surveillance programs for migrants.
• Addressing the ethical complexities and human rights of migrants is paramount for achieving TB elimination.
• Low-incidence countries must adopt comprehensive strategies to meet WHO End TB targets.