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Related Concept Videos

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

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The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH...
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The secretory phase of the menstrual cycle, spanning from day 14 to 28 in a typical 28-day cycle, is a period of significant physiological changes in the female reproductive system. This phase commences immediately after ovulation and is characterized by the preparation of the endometrium for potential embryo implantation.
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The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 9, 2025

Establishing 3D Endometrial Organoids from the Mouse Uterus
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Annexin A7 Regulates Endometrial Receptivity.

Md Alauddin1, Madhuri S Salker1, Anja T Umbach2

  • 1Department of Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
|September 14, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Annexin A7 (ANXA7) is crucial for successful embryo implantation and fertility. Reduced ANXA7 levels are linked to recurrent pregnancy loss, highlighting its role in endometrial receptivity.

Keywords:
COX2PGE2endometriumimplantationpregnancy

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Molecular endocrinology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Successful reproduction requires a narrow window of uterine receptivity.
  • Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) are key in this process.
  • Annexin A7 (ANXA7) is a known regulator of PGE2 formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of ANXA7 in endometrial receptivity and fertility.
  • To determine ANXA7's impact on implantation and pregnancy outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzing ANXA7 expression in human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs) during decidualization.
  • Silencing ANXA7 in HESCs and assessing effects on decidual marker genes (PRL, IGFBP1) and COX2/PGE2 levels.
  • Generating and analyzing AnxA7 knockout mice for implantation and litter size.
  • Quantifying ANXA7 in human endometrial biopsies from women with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) and controls.

Main Results:

  • ANXA7 expression increases during HESC decidualization.
  • ANXA7 silencing reduces PRL and IGFBP1 but increases COX2 and PGE2.
  • AnxA7 knockout mice show increased implantation sites and litter size.
  • Reduced ANXA7 levels are observed in the mid-luteal implantation window of women with RPL.

Conclusions:

  • ANXA7 plays a conserved role in regulating endometrial receptivity and implantation.
  • ANXA7 is essential for successful fertility and may be a factor in recurrent pregnancy loss.