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The effect of methenamine on vascular development: Experimental investigation using in vivo and insilico methods
Hadi Tavakkoli1, Masoud Imani1, Mohammad Rahchamani Seyyed2
1Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
Background:
Methenamine is a worldwide antibacterial agent for urinary system infections in human and animals. The effect of methenamine consumption during early phase of pregnancy is not fully clarified in previous studies. Vascular development is the essential part of the early embryonic growth.
Objective:
In this study, we used chicken chorioallantoic membrane to evaluate the effects of methenamine administration on angiogenesis process as a model.
Materials And Methods:
In this experimental study, 20 Ross 308 eggs (mean weight 55 4) were incubated. The eggs were divided into two equal groups (n = 10/each). In the first group, methenamine (150 mg/kg egg weight) was injected on the shell membrane, and in the second group (control group) phosphate-buffered salineas injected. Methenamine was inoculated at 96 and 120 hrafter incubation; 24 hrafter the last inoculation, the eggs were removed and the egg's shell was incised. Then, the development of vascular network and vascular endothelial growth factor Aexpression was evaluated.
Results:
Angiogenesis was significantly decreased after methenamine treatment. The indexes such as areas containing vessels, the vessels' length, the percentage of angiogenesis developing areas, and vascular complexity in the treatment group receiving methenamine were significantly reduced compared to the control group. Vascular endothelial growth factor Aexpression was suppressed in the methenamine treated group.
Conclusion:
According to the achieved results, it was defined that methenamine could have an inhibitory effect on the growth and development procedures of extraembryonic vasculature.
Insights
Methenamine treatment significantly reduced angiogenesis and vascular development in a chicken embryo model. This antibacterial agent may inhibit extraembryonic vasculature growth, impacting early embryonic development.
Area of Science:
- Embryology
- Developmental Biology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Methenamine is a common antibacterial agent for urinary tract infections in humans and animals.
- The impact of methenamine during early pregnancy on vascular development remains unclear.
- Vascular development is critical for early embryonic growth.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the effects of methenamine on angiogenesis using the chicken chorioallantoic membrane model.
- To evaluate methenamine's impact on vascular network formation and vascular endothelial growth factor A expression.
Main Methods:
- 20 Ross 308 eggs were divided into two groups: methenamine treatment (150 mg/kg egg weight) and control (phosphate-buffered saline).
- Methenamine was administered via shell membrane injection at 96 and 120 hours post-incubation.
- Vascular development and vascular endothelial growth factor A expression were assessed 24 hours after the last inoculation.
Main Results:
- Methenamine treatment significantly decreased angiogenesis.
- Key angiogenesis indexes, including vessel area, length, and complexity, were reduced in the methenamine group.
- Vascular endothelial growth factor A expression was suppressed following methenamine administration.
Conclusions:
- Methenamine exhibits an inhibitory effect on the growth and development of extraembryonic vasculature.
- The findings suggest potential risks of methenamine use during early pregnancy concerning embryonic vascular development.
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