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Related Concept Videos

Precipitation and Co-precipitation01:17

Precipitation and Co-precipitation

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Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...
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Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

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The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
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Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control01:16

Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control

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In precipitation gravimetry, the precipitating agent should react specifically or selectively with the analyte. While a specific reagent reacts with the analyte alone, a selective reagent can react with a limited number of chemical species.
The obtained precipitate should be either a pure substance of known composition or easily converted to one by a simple process, such as ignition or drying. In addition, the precipitate should be insoluble and easily filterable. In general, filterability...
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Types of Coprecipitation01:10

Types of Coprecipitation

3.9K
Coprecipitation is the contamination of a precipitate by otherwise soluble species and occurs via different processes. In colloidal precipitates, coprecipitation occurs via surface adsorption. For instance, barium sulfate has a primary layer of adsorbed barium ions and a secondary layer of nitrate counterions. This results in contamination of the precipitate by barium nitrate.
Sometimes, ions in a crystal lattice can undergo isomorphous replacement by inclusions of similar charge and size. For...
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Precipitation of Ions03:11

Precipitation of Ions

29.4K
Predicting Precipitation
The equation that describes the equilibrium between solid calcium carbonate and its solvated ions is:
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Gravimetry: Inorganic And Organic Precipitating Agents00:49

Gravimetry: Inorganic And Organic Precipitating Agents

4.6K
In gravimetry, the precipitant is chosen carefully to obtain a pure solid that can be easily filtered. Common inorganic precipitants can be used to determine several cations and anions. In some cases, the formation of the same precipitate can be used to determine the cation and the anion. For example, the reaction of barium and chromate ions to give barium chromate is used to determine both barium and chromate. However, precipitates such as hydroxides, oxalates, and metal ammonium phosphates...
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Microfluidic salt precipitation: implications for geological CO2 storage.

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Salt precipitation in porous media impedes carbon capture and storage (CCS) by blocking pores. Microfluidic experiments reveal distinct salt nucleation stages and patterns, crucial for understanding CCS injectivity challenges.

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Area of Science:

  • Geosciences
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Salt precipitation in deep saline aquifers poses a significant challenge for carbon capture and storage (CCS).
  • Pore-blocking salt crystals reduce well injectivity and formation permeability, hindering CCS operations.
  • Conventional methods struggle to elucidate the pore-scale dynamics of salt nucleation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the pore-scale dynamics of salt precipitation during gas injection in porous media.
  • To reveal the de-wetting patterns and drying rates of brine leading to salt nucleation.
  • To understand the effects of pore structures and brine concentrations on salt precipitation.

Main Methods:

  • Microfluidic experiments were conducted to achieve high-resolution, pore-scale measurements.
  • Brine de-wetting patterns, drying rates, and salt precipitation were observed during gas injection.
  • Experiments varied pore structures and brine concentrations to assess their influence.

Main Results:

  • Three distinct stages of salt nucleation were identified: initial, rapid growth, and final phases.
  • Two primary salt crystal patterns were observed: bulk crystal and polycrystalline aggregate.
  • Large salt deposits predominantly formed in the near-outlet region during the rapid growth stage, influenced by porosity.

Conclusions:

  • Microfluidic experiments provide crucial insights into salt precipitation mechanisms at the pore scale.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is vital for mitigating injectivity loss in carbon capture and storage.
  • Porosity significantly influences brine drying and salt precipitation rates, particularly during rapid growth.