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Related Concept Videos

Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management01:21

Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management

160
Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
160
Rheumatic Heart Disease IV: Nursing Management01:20

Rheumatic Heart Disease IV: Nursing Management

169
AssessmentA comprehensive assessment is essential in managing a patient with rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Begin with obtaining a detailed medical history, including recent streptococcal infections, a history of rheumatic fever, or previously diagnosed rheumatic heart disease. Assess the patient for symptoms such as fever, chest pain, widespread joint pain (arthralgia), tachycardia, pericardial friction rub, muffled heart sounds, heart murmurs, peripheral edema, subcutaneous nodules, and...
169
Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

269
Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
269
Myocarditis IV: Nursing Management01:22

Myocarditis IV: Nursing Management

132
Myocarditis is an inflammatory condition of the myocardium requiring meticulous nursing management for optimal patient outcomes. Effective management begins with a thorough assessment of the patient's medical history, paying close attention to past infections, autoimmune disorders, travel history, and exposure to toxins or drugs. Recent viral infections and systemic diseases are particularly relevant due to their potential role in triggering myocarditis.Physical Examination and MonitoringThe...
132
Myocarditis III: Medical Management01:14

Myocarditis III: Medical Management

94
Myocarditis: Comprehensive Medical ManagementMyocarditis, the heart muscle inflammation, requires a comprehensive medical management strategy that addresses the underlying cause, provides supportive care, manages symptoms, and reduces cardiac workload.Infections and Autoimmune CausesAdminister appropriate antimicrobial therapy when an infectious agent causes myocarditis. For instance, penicillin treats infections caused by Group A Streptococcus. In cases where autoimmune processes are...
94
Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

288
The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
288

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 9, 2025

Left Atrial Stenosis Induced Pulmonary Venous Arterialization and Group 2 Pulmonary Hypertension in Rat
08:34

Left Atrial Stenosis Induced Pulmonary Venous Arterialization and Group 2 Pulmonary Hypertension in Rat

Published on: November 18, 2018

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Kawasaki Disease: an Update.

Eileen Rife1, Abraham Gedalia2

  • 1Louisiana State University, New Orleans, LA, USA. erife@lsuhsc.edu.

Current Rheumatology Reports
|September 14, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Recent updates on Kawasaki disease (KD) highlight new treatments for complex cases. Research explores its unknown cause, immune triggers, and links to COVID-19 related inflammatory syndromes.

Keywords:
Kawasaki diagnosisKawasaki differentialKawasaki diseaseKawasaki reviewKawasaki treatmentKawasaki workupKawasaki-like diseaseMulti system inflammatory syndrome

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 9, 2025

Left Atrial Stenosis Induced Pulmonary Venous Arterialization and Group 2 Pulmonary Hypertension in Rat
08:34

Left Atrial Stenosis Induced Pulmonary Venous Arterialization and Group 2 Pulmonary Hypertension in Rat

Published on: November 18, 2018

7.5K

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Rheumatology
  • Immunology
  • Infectious Disease Epidemiology

Background:

  • Kawasaki disease (KD) is a rare, acute febrile vasculitis primarily affecting children under five.
  • Its etiology remains elusive, with current theories pointing to an immune response triggered by an unknown agent in genetically predisposed individuals.
  • KD diagnosis relies on clinical criteria, with atypical presentations posing diagnostic challenges and similar risks for coronary artery abnormalities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide current insights into the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and therapeutic advancements in Kawasaki disease.
  • To review recent developments in managing complex and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)-refractory KD cases.
  • To discuss the emergence of multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS) with KD-like features, particularly its association with COVID-19.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on Kawasaki disease epidemiology and pathogenesis.
  • Analysis of treatment strategies, including standard care and advanced therapies for refractory cases.
  • Examination of emerging inflammatory conditions with KD-like features, such as MIS-C.

Main Results:

  • Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and aspirin significantly reduce coronary artery complications in KD.
  • Novel immunomodulatory therapies are increasingly used for complex or IVIG-refractory KD.
  • Multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS), potentially linked to SARS-CoV-2, shares clinical similarities with KD.

Conclusions:

  • While standard treatments are effective, refractory KD necessitates advanced immunomodulatory approaches.
  • Understanding the pathogenesis of KD is crucial for developing targeted therapies.
  • The recognition of MIS highlights the importance of recognizing KD-like presentations and their potential triggers, including viral infections like COVID-19.