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Anatomical Positions

Anatomical Positions

In anatomy, several standard anatomical positions are used as references for describing the position and orientation of different body parts. These positions help provide a common frame of reference when discussing anatomical structures. The anatomical position is the standard reference point for describing the body's position and orientation. In this position:
The body is upright, facing forward, and standing erect.
The feet are parallel and flat on the floor.
The arms are hanging by the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 9, 2025

Evaluation of Patients' Posture and Gait Profile After Lumbar Fusion Surgery by Video Rasterstereography and Treadmill Gait Analysis

Published on: March 23, 2019

Seated Position Does Not Change Lumbar Dimensions Compared With Lateral Position.

Michael T Long¹, Angelo M Del Re, Atim Uya

¹From the Department of Pediatrics, University of California School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA; and Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, CA.

Pediatric Emergency Care

|September 14, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The seated position did not significantly alter lumbar dimensions for infant lumbar punctures (LP) compared to the lateral position. Point-of-care ultrasound (US) showed no difference in key measurements for infants under 12 months undergoing LP.

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Area of Science:

Pediatric Emergency Medicine
Medical Imaging
Anatomy

Background:

Infant lumbar puncture (LP) is a technically demanding procedure.
Optimizing LP conditions requires understanding lumbar anatomical dimensions.
Previous studies suggest seated positions may offer advantages over lateral positions in older populations.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if the seated position, compared to the lateral decubitus position, significantly affects lumbar dimensions in infants.
To utilize point-of-care ultrasound (US) for precise anatomical measurements in infants.
To inform procedural optimization for infant lumbar puncture.

Main Methods:

Prospective observational study of infants 12 months or younger.
Point-of-care ultrasound (US) used to capture longitudinal images at the L3-L4 interspace in both seated and lateral decubitus positions.
Blinded assessment of interspinous space, subarachnoid space width, and spinal canal depth by a fellowship-trained emergency physician.

Main Results:

49 infants provided evaluable data for lumbar dimension measurements.
No statistically significant differences were found in interspinous space, spinal canal depth, or subarachnoid space width between the seated and lateral positions.
Observed mean differences in all measured dimensions did not exceed 0.02 cm.

Conclusions:

For infants under 12 months, sonographic measurements of lumbar dimensions do not significantly differ between the seated and lateral decubitus positions.
The findings suggest that neither position offers a significant anatomical advantage for lumbar puncture in this age group based on these measurements.
Further research may explore functional or clinical outcomes related to positioning during infant LP.