Evidence of Large Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Reduction in Patients With Menière Attacks

To examine the high frequency horizontal vestibular ocular-reflex (hVOR) during acute attacks of vertigo in Menière's disease (MD).

Retrospective case series and literature review.

Tertiary academic medical center.

Patients with clinical diagnosis of unilateral "definite MD."

Review of medical records.

Spontaneous nystagmus and the dynamic hVOR gain change at different stages of an acute episode of MD attack.

We studied 10 vertigo attacks during the unique stages of the episode. During the acme stage of the attack, lower hVOR gain was recorded on the affected side (mean 0.48 ± 0.23), which was associated with a paralytic nystagmus (beating away from the affected ear). Additionally, the mean hVOR gain remained significantly (p < 0.05) reduced during each of the other stages of the attack as compared with the unaffected side and a control group. After the attack, mean hVOR gains normalized in the affected ear. Mean hVOR gain of the unaffected ear remained normal during all stages.

Vestibular function during an attack of MD is a dynamic process associated with fluctuation of the dynamic (hVOR gain) and static (spontaneous nystagmus) processes, which exist in parallel with the perception of vertigo. Our data support vHIT monitoring during an episode to provide objective and accurate evidence of the ear with active disease. This would be particularly useful for those patients with MD presentations of unreliable hearing or assisting to identify the ear to be treated in the case of bilateral MD.