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Related Experiment Videos

Immune serum increases arenavirus replication in monocytes.

R M Lewis1, T M Cosgriff, B Y Griffin

  • 1Medical Division and Disease Assessment Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland 21701.

The Journal of General Virology
|July 1, 1988
PubMed
Summary

Antibodies can enhance arenavirus infection. Immune serum dramatically increased Pichinde virus and Lassa fever virus replication in U937 cells, demonstrating antibody-dependent enhancement.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Arenaviruses, including Pichinde virus (PV) and Lassa fever virus (LFV), are significant human pathogens.
  • The role of antibodies in modulating arenavirus infection, particularly in monocytic cells, requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of antibodies on the infectivity and replication of Pichinde virus and Lassa fever virus in the U937 monocytic cell line.
  • To determine if antibody-mediated enhancement of viral replication occurs in this cellular model.

Main Methods:

  • U937 monocytic cells were cultured and exposed to Pichinde virus (PV) and Lassa fever virus (LFV) in the presence of varying dilutions of virus-specific immune sera.
  • Viral replication was quantified by measuring viral titers.

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  • Heat-aggregated IgG was added to assess its effect on antibody-mediated enhancement.

    • Main Results:

    • High dilutions of PV-immune serum significantly increased PV replication (1000-fold) in U937 cells, while low dilutions showed neutralization.
    • LFV also replicated in U937 cells, with LFV-specific immune serum increasing viral titers up to 10,000-fold.
    • Heat-aggregated IgG partially inhibited this antibody-mediated enhancement, suggesting a role for immune complex binding.

    Conclusions:

    • Antibodies can facilitate, rather than solely neutralize, arenavirus infection and replication in monocytic cells.
    • This phenomenon, known as antibody-dependent enhancement, was observed for both PV and LFV.
    • The findings suggest a complex interplay between antibodies, immune complexes, and monocytic cells in arenavirus pathogenesis.