Francisella noatunensis subsp. noatunensis triggers calcium metabolism gene modulation in Eleginops maclovinus

Francisella noatunensis subsp. noatunensis is the responsible agent of Francisellosis, a bacterial disease that affects an important amount of aquatic farmed species. Eleginops maclovinus is a fish that cohabits with salmonids cages in Chile and can also act as a vector of this bacterial disease. In the present study, we evaluated calcium metabolism in the liver of E. maclovinus injected intraperitoneally with different doses of F. noatunensis subsp. noatunensis (low 1.5 × 10¹, medium 1.5 × 10⁵ and high doses 1.5 × 10¹⁰ cells/μL). Fish were sampled at 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days post injection (dpi). No mortalities nor clinical signs were observed. Plasma calcium levels were higher in the high doses group of F. noatunensis subsp. noatunensis at day 7 and 14 compared to the control group (fish injected with bacterial medium alone). Hypercalcemic factors increased at day 14 and 21 for the medium and low dose (parathyroid hormone-related protein precursor), while vitamin D₃ receptor increased its expression at times 1, 3 and 7 for the low dose. On the other hand, hypocalcemic factors such as calcitonin receptor and stanniocalcin increased its expression at time 7 and 14, respectively. Calmodulin involved in calcium storage decreased its expression during all experimental days in fish subjected to high bacterial dose. Proteins involved in calcium transport, such as L-type voltage-gated calcium channel and trpv5 increased their transcription at day 1 and 14, compared to calcium sensing-receptor and plasma membrane Ca^{2 +}- ATPase that showed peak expression at times 14 and 28. The results suggest a clear alteration of calcium metabolism, mainly in high bacterial doses. This study provides new knowledge about the calcium metabolism in fish infected with bacteria.