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Environmentally Induced Heritable Changes in Flax
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Interactions between genetics and environment shape Camelina seed oil composition.

Jordan R Brock1, Trey Scott1, Amy Yoonjin Lee1

  • 1Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.

BMC Plant Biology
|September 15, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Wild Camelina species possess diverse seed oil profiles influenced by genetics and environment. Understanding this variation is key for improving oilseed crops like Camelina sativa for future climates.

Keywords:
CamelinaEnvironmental associationFatty acidOil contentPhenotypic plasticityPopulation structureWild crop relatives

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Genetics
  • Plant Biology

Background:

  • Camelina sativa (gold-of-pleasure) is a vital oilseed crop and biofuel source.
  • Genetic diversity was reduced by a 20th-century bottleneck, prompting interest in wild relatives.
  • Limited data exists on seed oil and genetic diversity in wild Camelina species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess seed oil composition, genetic diversity, and environmental distributions in Camelina species.
  • To investigate the wild progenitor, Camelina microcarpa, and its relationship to Camelina sativa.
  • To understand factors influencing fatty acid variation in wild and cultivated Camelina.

Main Methods:

  • Gas chromatography for fatty acid analysis.
  • Environmental niche modeling for distribution assessment.
  • Genotyping-by-sequencing for population structure analysis.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in fatty acid composition were observed among Camelina species.
  • The wild progenitor (C. microcarpa) consists of three distinct genetic subpopulations with unique fatty acid profiles.
  • Environmental conditions, genetic subpopulations, and their interactions significantly predict seed oil traits.

Conclusions:

  • Fatty acid variation in Camelina is driven by genetics, environment, and genotype-by-environment interactions.
  • Strategic breeding can leverage this variation to enhance oilseed crops.
  • These findings support adapting oilseed crops to changing climatic conditions.