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Related Concept Videos

From DNA to Protein03:06

From DNA to Protein

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The flow of genetic information in cells from DNA to mRNA to protein is described by the central dogma, which states that genes specify the sequence of mRNAs, which in turn specify the sequence of amino acids making up all proteins. The decoding of one molecule to another is performed by specific proteins and RNAs. Because the information stored in DNA is so central to cellular function, it makes intuitive sense that the cell would make mRNA copies of this information for protein synthesis...
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Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs01:05

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A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
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The Central Dogma01:25

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The Central Dogma01:20

The Central Dogma

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The central dogma explains the flow of genetic information from DNA nucleotides to the amino acid sequence of proteins.
RNA is the Missing Link Between DNA and Proteins
In the early 1900s, scientists discovered that DNA stores all the information needed for cellular functions and that proteins perform most of these functions. However, the mechanisms of converting genetic information into functional proteins remained unknown for many years. Initially, it was believed that a single gene is...
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Leaky Scanning02:28

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During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
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Transfer RNA Synthesis02:36

Transfer RNA Synthesis

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One of the unique features of tRNA is the presence of modified bases. In some tRNAs, modified bases account for nearly 20% of the total bases in the molecule. Altogether, these unusual bases protect the tRNA from enzymatic degradation by RNases.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 9, 2025

Probing RNA Structure with Dimethyl Sulfate Mutational Profiling with Sequencing In Vitro and in Cells
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Characterization of codon usage pattern in SARS-CoV-2.

Wei Hou1

  • 1Tianjin Second People's Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Hepatology, 7 Sudi South Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192, China. houweicn@163.com.

Virology Journal
|September 15, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study analyzed the genome-wide codon usage patterns of SARS-CoV-2, revealing a low codon bias shaped by mutation and selection. Findings offer insights into coronavirus evolution and potential vaccine development.

Keywords:
COVID-19Codon usage patternCoronavirusesSARS-CoV-2

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Bioinformatics
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 poses global health challenges.
  • Understanding the genetic and evolutionary aspects of SARS-CoV-2 is crucial for comprehending its pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the genome-wide codon usage patterns of SARS-CoV-2.
  • To investigate the factors shaping codon usage bias in SARS-CoV-2.
  • To compare SARS-CoV-2 codon usage with related coronaviruses.

Main Methods:

  • Bioinformatic analysis of publicly available SARS-CoV-2 nucleotide sequences.
  • Comparison with sequences from human and non-human coronaviruses.
  • Analysis of codon usage patterns and bias.

Main Results:

  • SARS-CoV-2 exhibits a genome-wide codon usage pattern where over-represented codons end with A/U.
  • The virus displays a relatively low codon usage bias, influenced by mutation pressure and natural selection.
  • Minor variations in codon usage were observed among SARS-CoV-2 isolates from different geographical locations.
  • The codon usage pattern of SARS-CoV-2 is similar to that of related non-human betacoronaviruses like RaTG13.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a comprehensive analysis of SARS-CoV-2 codon usage patterns using bioinformatic approaches.
  • Findings contribute to understanding the evolutionary dynamics of SARS-CoV-2.
  • The research may aid in the development of novel coronavirus vaccines.