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Emerging HxNy Influenza A Viruses
William J Liu1, Yan Wu2, Yuhai Bi3
1National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing 102206, China.
Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine
|September 15, 2020
Summary
Influenza A virus (HxNy) reassortment drives epidemics and pandemics. Understanding HxNy virus evolution in animals and humans is crucial for public health prevention and control strategies.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Public Health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Influenza A viruses (HxNy) continuously emerge and reemerge due to genome reassortment.
- These viruses cause seasonal epidemics, pandemics, and zoonotic outbreaks.
- Understanding diverse HxNy subtypes in wild birds, mammals, and markets is vital.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize characteristics of historic human pandemic HxNy viruses.
- To review diverse HxNy subtypes across animal reservoirs and markets.
- To analyze molecular features of emerging HxNy influenza viruses.
Main Methods:
- Review and synthesis of existing literature on HxNy influenza viruses.
- Analysis of viral genome reassortment mechanisms.
- Examination of molecular characteristics including receptor binding, drug resistance, and gene segment compatibility.
Main Results:
- Historic pandemic HxNy viruses exhibit specific characteristics.
- Diverse HxNy subtypes are prevalent in wild birds, mammals, and live poultry markets.
- Key molecular features of emerging viruses include Hx receptor binding, Ny inhibitor resistance, and gene segment matching.
Conclusions:
- Novel reassortant influenza viruses pose significant public health threats.
- Enhanced understanding of HxNy evolution and molecular traits is essential.
- Recommendations for prevention, control, and research are provided to mitigate risks.
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