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Chloramphenicol: magic bullet or double-edge sword?

H S Rosenkranz¹

¹Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106.

Mutation Research

|July 1, 1988

Summary

Chloramphenicol

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Area of Science:

Pharmacology and Toxicology
Genetics and Molecular Biology

Background:

Chloramphenicol is a widely used antimicrobial agent.
Concerns exist regarding its genetic and genotoxic potential.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and analyze the genetic and genotoxic potentials of chloramphenicol.
To assess the genotoxicity of chloramphenicol despite its widespread use.

Main Methods:

Literature review and analysis of existing data on chloramphenicol.
Examination of studies reporting chromosomal effects and other genetic endpoints.

Main Results:

Chloramphenicol appears to induce chromosomal effects in somatic cells.
These effects are attributed to non-genotoxic mechanisms due to the absence of other genetic findings.
Systematic genotoxicity testing for chloramphenicol is lacking.

Conclusions:

The observed chromosomal abnormalities induced by chloramphenicol are likely due to non-genotoxic causes.
Further systematic genotoxicity testing is warranted for this widely used drug.

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