Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Block Diagram Reduction01:22

Block Diagram Reduction

422
The process of deriving the transfer function of a control system often involves reducing its block diagram to a single block. This simplification can be achieved through a series of strategic operations, including relocating branch points and comparators. These operations preserve the overall function of the system while allowing for easier manipulation and combination of blocks.
The first step in this process is the identification and relocation of a branch point. A branch point, where a...
422
Long-patch Base Excision Repair01:02

Long-patch Base Excision Repair

7.6K
Since the discovery of the two BER pathways, there has been a debate about how a cell chooses one pathway over the other and the factors determining this selection. Numerous in vitro experiments have pointed out multiple determinants for the sub-pathway selection. These are:
7.6K
Elements of Block Diagrams01:25

Elements of Block Diagrams

543
Block diagrams serve as a visual representation of the input-output relationships within a system. An illustrative example is a heating system, where the set temperature activates the furnace to warm the room to the desired level. Block diagrams are versatile, modeling linear systems through Laplace transform variables and nonlinear systems using time domain variables.
A block diagram typically includes essential elements such as comparators, blocks, and feedback loops. Each of these elements...
543
Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

6.1K
DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart,...
6.1K
Restriction Enzymes01:11

Restriction Enzymes

35.1K
Restriction enzymes are bacterial enzymes used to cut DNA in a sequence-specific manner. To cleave DNA, they bind to specific palindromic sequences called restriction sites. Such palindromic DNA sequences or inverted repeats are commonly found in regions of functional significance, such as the origin of replication, gene operator sites, and regions containing transcription termination signals.
The host bacteria protect their own genomic DNA from these enzymes by methylating these sites. Some...
35.1K
Naming Enantiomers02:21

Naming Enantiomers

24.8K
The naming of enantiomers employs the Cahn–Ingold–Prelog rules that involve assigning priorities to different substituent groups at a chiral center. Each enantiomer, being a distinct molecule, is assigned a unique name by the Cahn–Ingold–Prelog (CIP) rules, also called the R–S system. The prefix R- or S- attached to the chiral centers in an enantiomer is dependent on the spatial arrangement of the four substituents on the chiral center. The R–S system essentially comprises three...
24.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Capnodynamic Cardiac Output Assessment in a Porcine Model of Aorto-pulmonary Shunt.

Anesthesiology·2026
Same author

Comparison of sensory-motor block dynamics after an ultrasound-guided single-point subfascial injection, supraclavicular versus costoclavicular brachial plexus block - A randomised clinical trial.

Indian journal of anaesthesia·2026
Same author

Association between in utero exposure to acetaminophen and external genital tract malformations in boys and girls: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Human reproduction (Oxford, England)·2026
Same author

Use of outcome measures in psychiatry: Royal College of Psychiatrists' survey of members.

BJPsych bulletin·2026
Same author

Comparison of two real-time ultrasound-guided dural puncture techniques for spinal anesthesia: a randomized clinical trial.

Regional anesthesia and pain medicine·2025
Same author

Feeding following cleft palate surgery: a prospective randomized clinical trial comparing suprazygomatic maxillary nerve block and greater palatine nerve block.

Regional anesthesia and pain medicine·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 9, 2025

Subcloning Plus Insertion SPI - A Novel Recombineering Method for the Rapid Construction of Gene Targeting Vectors
09:02

Subcloning Plus Insertion SPI - A Novel Recombineering Method for the Rapid Construction of Gene Targeting Vectors

Published on: January 8, 2015

16.9K

Daring discourse: should the ESP block be renamed RIP II block?

P A Lonnqvist1, Manoj Kumar Karmakar2, Jonathan Richardson3

  • 1Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden Per-Arne.Lonnqvist@ki.se.

Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
|September 15, 2020
PubMed
Summary

The erector spinae plane block (ESPB) shows a concerning lack of evidence, similar to the past interpleural nerve blockade. Researchers caution that ESPB may become obsolete due to insufficient scientific support for trunk surgeries.

Keywords:
acute painanalgesiaanesthesiaconductionpainpostoperative

More Related Videos

In Vitro Directed Evolution of a Restriction Endonuclease with More Stringent Specificity
09:16

In Vitro Directed Evolution of a Restriction Endonuclease with More Stringent Specificity

Published on: March 25, 2020

7.6K
Semi-Minimal Invasive Method to Induce Myocardial Infarction in Rats and the Assessment of Cardiac Function by an Isolated Working Heart System
08:01

Semi-Minimal Invasive Method to Induce Myocardial Infarction in Rats and the Assessment of Cardiac Function by an Isolated Working Heart System

Published on: June 11, 2020

8.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 9, 2025

Subcloning Plus Insertion SPI - A Novel Recombineering Method for the Rapid Construction of Gene Targeting Vectors
09:02

Subcloning Plus Insertion SPI - A Novel Recombineering Method for the Rapid Construction of Gene Targeting Vectors

Published on: January 8, 2015

16.9K
In Vitro Directed Evolution of a Restriction Endonuclease with More Stringent Specificity
09:16

In Vitro Directed Evolution of a Restriction Endonuclease with More Stringent Specificity

Published on: March 25, 2020

7.6K
Semi-Minimal Invasive Method to Induce Myocardial Infarction in Rats and the Assessment of Cardiac Function by an Isolated Working Heart System
08:01

Semi-Minimal Invasive Method to Induce Myocardial Infarction in Rats and the Assessment of Cardiac Function by an Isolated Working Heart System

Published on: June 11, 2020

8.5K

Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Regional Anesthesia
  • Pain Management

Background:

  • Interpleural nerve blockade was widely used for trunk procedures despite limited evidence.
  • Interest waned as evidence failed to support its efficacy, leading to its decline.
  • A similar trend may be emerging with the erector spinae plane block (ESPB).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically evaluate the evidence base for the erector spinae plane block (ESPB).
  • To compare the current evidence for ESPB with established regional anesthetic techniques.
  • To discuss the potential trajectory of ESPB based on historical parallels.

Main Methods:

  • Review of PubMed literature regarding ESPB since 2019.
  • Analysis of emerging meta-analysis data on ESPB efficacy.
  • Comparative assessment of evidence supporting ESPB versus other nerve blocks.

Main Results:

  • Significant increase in ESPB publications since 2019, but with a questionable evidence base.
  • Lack of a clearly defined mechanism of action for ESPB's efficacy in anterior trunk surgeries.
  • Emerging data raise skepticism about ESPB's utility in major thoracic and abdominal surgery.

Conclusions:

  • The ESPB currently lacks robust evidence comparable to established regional anesthetic techniques.
  • Concerns exist regarding its mechanism of action and efficacy for anterior trunk procedures.
  • ESPB may follow the path of interpleural nerve blockade, becoming less utilized due to insufficient evidence, potentially earning the name 'RIP II block'.