Circulating long noncoding RNA, GAS5, as a novel biomarker for patients with atrial fibrillation

Circulating long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) plays a vital role in clinical disease diagnosis and prognosis. Here, we evaluate the role of a lncRNA, named growth arrest specific 5 (GAS5), in atrial fibrillation (AF).

Expression of GAS5 was measured by qRT-PCR. Diagnostic and prognostic values of GAS5 were assessed by the receiver operating characteristics curve (ROC), Kaplan-Meier (KM) and Cox regression analyses.

A total of 173 participants were enrolled in this study. Circulating GAS5 expression was significantly down-regulated in AF patients. This change occurred prior to enlargement of the left atrial volume and was strongly associated with AF progression, which demonstrates the potential use of GAS5 as an early biomarker. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.858 (95% CI 0.789-0.926, P < .001). Seventy of the 85 AF patients received radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA), and 22 (31.4%) had relapsed by the 1-year follow-up. The KM analysis (log-rank test, P = .031) and multivariable Cox analysis (HR = 0.127, 95% CI 0.026-0.616; P = .01) revealed that GAS5 has a role in predicting recurrence after RFCA.

Circulating lncRNA GAS5 is a potential biomarker for AF diagnosis and prognosis. Down-regulation of GAS5 occurs prior to left atrial enlargement and can be used for the prognosis of AF progression and recurrence.