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Nucleic acids

Nucleic acids

Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
DNA and RNA
The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes,...

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Updated: Dec 9, 2025

Simple Bulk Readout of Digital Nucleic Acid Quantification Assays

Simple Bulk Readout of Digital Nucleic Acid Quantification Assays

Published on: September 24, 2015

Laser-assisted nucleic acid delivery: A systematic review.

Sepanta Hosseinpour¹, Laurence J Walsh¹

¹School of Dentistry, Oral Health Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.

Journal of Biophotonics

|September 15, 2020

Summary

Laser therapy enhances gene delivery by improving nucleic acid transfection in mammalian cells. This review highlights optoporation, photomechanical, and photochemical methods, paving the way for improved gene therapies.

Keywords:

gene transfection laser induced shock wave lasers optoporation photoablation photobiomodulation photochemical internalization photomechanical

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Molecular Biology
Photomedicine

Background:

Gene therapy offers effective treatment for various conditions.
Laser light presents potential to augment gene therapy efficacy.
Nucleic acid delivery is a critical step in gene therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the evidence for laser therapy in enhancing nucleic acid transfection in mammalian cells.
To evaluate different laser-based approaches for gene delivery.
To identify limitations and future directions for laser-assisted gene therapy.

Main Methods:

Systematic review of studies on laser irradiation for nucleic acid delivery.
Electronic literature search across major scientific databases (MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, Google Scholar).
Analysis based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

Main Results:

49 studies were included, focusing on optoporation, photomechanical, and photochemical gene transfection.
Optoporation is suitable for cell cultures, while photomechanical and photochemical methods show promise for in vivo applications.
Photothermal effects were also explored for enhancing gene transfection, with varying merits and limitations.

Conclusions:

Laser irradiation is a promising, potentially non-invasive method to enhance nucleic acid delivery for gene therapy.
Different laser approaches (optoporation, photomechanical, photochemical) have specific applications and limitations.
Further optimization of laser parameters is needed to improve transfection efficiency in current protocols.