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Assessing the Will to Live: A Scoping Review.

Marc-Antoine Bornet1, Mathieu Bernard2, Cécile Jaques3

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Summary

This review highlights 25 instruments measuring the will to live (WTL), finding its intensity is often high, even in serious illness. Better assessment of WTL can improve patient-centered palliative care.

Keywords:
Will to livegeriatricspalliative carepositive psychologyscoping reviewwish to live

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Area of Science:

  • Palliative Care Research
  • Psychometrics
  • Health Psychology

Background:

  • The will to live (WTL) is crucial for resource-oriented palliative care.
  • Existing research on WTL assessment tools lacks a comprehensive review.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review instruments assessing WTL.
  • To explore theoretical models and psychometric properties of WTL assessment tools.
  • To identify WTL intensity and associated factors in diverse populations.

Main Methods:

  • A scoping review of studies assessing WTL was conducted.
  • Systematic searches were performed across seven bibliographic databases up to August 2020.
  • 111 studies were included from 3078 initial records.

Main Results:

  • 25 distinct instruments for quantitatively assessing WTL were identified.
  • Most instruments are single-item measures focusing on intensity.
  • WTL intensity is generally high, even in patients with significant health impairments, and correlates with factors like resilience and quality of life.
  • Psychometric properties and underlying concepts of many instruments are not well-defined.

Conclusions:

  • A substantial body of research on WTL exists but is fragmented.
  • Standardized assessment of WTL in clinical practice could enhance resource-oriented and patient-centered care.