Effects of electric fields on Cd accumulation and photosynthesis in Zea mays seedlings

Phytoremediation enhanced by electrokinetic has been considered as a potential technology for remediating contaminated soils. However, the effects of electric fields on Cd accumulation and photosynthesis in Zea mays (as a cathode) is still unclear. In the present study, Zea mays seedlings were exposed to various doses of Cd²⁺ (10, 50, 100 μM) to explore the impact of electric fields on Cd accumulation and photosynthesis of Zea mays. Results showed that upon exposure to a concentration of 100 μM Cd, electric fields significantly altered the Cd contents in maize shoots, whereas the concentration of 50 μM Cd increased the Cd contents in maize roots as well as affected the Cd transport from roots to shoots. Uptake index (UI) increased by 1.34%-66.16% with the application of electric fields. The variation of photosynthetic rates attributed to the open or closure of stoma was similar to the change of shoot fresh weight, particularly in maize exposed to high Cd stress. This study proposes a new technology in Cd phytoremediation and provides important information on physiological processes in maize when exposed to Cd stress and electric fields.