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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 9, 2025

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The associations between dual-task walking under three different interference conditions and cognitive function.

Oshadi Jayakody1, Monique Breslin1, Kimberley Stuart2

  • 1Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.

Gait & Posture
|September 15, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dual-task walking, particularly reciting alternate alphabet letters (DT-alpha), effectively identifies cognitive impairment. This method shows stronger associations with global cognition and specific domains like working memory and processing speed.

Keywords:
CognitionDementiaDual-task walkingGaitPrimary health care

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Dual-task walking is increasingly recognized as a sensitive marker for cognitive impairment in adults.
  • However, there is a lack of consensus on the optimal dual-task test and measurement for assessing cognitive function.
  • This study addresses the need to identify the most effective dual-task paradigm for cognitive assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between three distinct dual-task walking conditions and global cognitive function.
  • To examine the relationship between these dual-task measures and individual cognitive domains, including executive function, processing speed, and memory.
  • To determine which dual-task paradigm offers the most robust indicator of cognitive status.

Main Methods:

  • Ninety-one adults (aged 56-83 years) performed single-task and three dual-task walking tests (reciting alternate alphabet letters [DT-alpha], counting backwards [DT-counting], and recalling a shopping list [DT-recall]) on a computerized mat.
  • Dual-task interference was calculated as a percentage change from single-task performance.
  • Cognitive function was assessed using a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery, with scores analyzed via principal component analysis for global cognition and partial correlations for domain-specific associations.

Main Results:

  • Greater total interference during the DT-alpha condition was significantly associated with lower global cognition (r=0.25), working memory (r=0.28), and verbal memory recognition (r=0.21).
  • Higher gait interference specifically during DT-alpha correlated with slower processing speed (r=0.43).
  • Associations between cognitive outcomes and dual-task measures were generally weaker for DT-counting and DT-recall conditions, while single-task gait speed showed a moderate association with verbal fluency (r=0.23).

Conclusions:

  • The dual-task walking paradigm involving reciting alternate alphabet letters (DT-alpha) demonstrates the strongest associations with cognitive impairment.
  • Calculating both total and gait interference during DT-alpha appears most effective for identifying adults with poorer cognitive function.
  • This specific dual-task protocol offers a promising and sensitive tool for cognitive screening in older adults.