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Related Concept Videos

Measurements of Strain01:27

Measurements of Strain

2.4K
Strain quantifies the deformation of a material under force, typically measured as normal strain, which represents the change in length when compared with the original length. Electrical strain gauges are used for enhanced accuracy. These devices consist of a conductive wire mounted on a paper backing that adheres to the material's surface. These gauges operate on the piezoresistive effect, where the wire's electrical resistance changes in response to mechanical deformation. The strain...
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Design Example: Strain Gauge Bridge or Wheatstone Bridge01:15

Design Example: Strain Gauge Bridge or Wheatstone Bridge

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The utilization of strain gauges as transducers for converting mechanical strain into electrical signals is a common practice in various engineering applications. These strain gauges are frequently integrated into Wheatstone bridge circuits to accurately measure parameters such as force or pressure. Within this context, each element within the circuit exhibits a resistance that undergoes subtle variations when subjected to mechanical strain. The primary objective is to convert minuscule...
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Three-Dimensional Analysis of Strain01:29

Three-Dimensional Analysis of Strain

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Three-dimensional strain analysis is crucial for understanding how materials deform under stress, particularly in elastic, homogeneous materials. This method employs principal stress axes to simplify complex stress states into more understandable forms. Subjected to stress, a small cubic element within a material either expands or contracts along these axes, transforming into a rectangular parallelepiped. This transformation effectively illustrates the material's deformation. The principal...
477
Strain and Elastic Modulus01:15

Strain and Elastic Modulus

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The quantity that describes the deformation of a body under stress is known as strain. Strain is given as a fractional change in either length, volume, or geometry under tensile, volume (also known as bulk), or shear stress, respectively, and is a dimensionless quantity. The strain experienced by a body under tensile or compressive stress is called tensile or compressive strain, respectively. In contrast, the strain experienced under bulk stress and shear stress is known as volume and shear...
7.5K
Stress-Strain Diagram01:10

Stress-Strain Diagram

1.9K
A stress-strain diagram is a crucial tool that graphically displays a material's mechanical characteristics. This diagram is derived from a tensile test performed on a carefully prepared cylindrical specimen. The specimen has two gauge marks inscribed on its central part, and the distance between these marks is known as the gauge length. The cylindrical specimen is placed in a testing machine, which applies an increasing centric load. As this load grows, so does the gauge length. This...
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Elastic Strain Energy for Shearing Stresses01:20

Elastic Strain Energy for Shearing Stresses

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As discussed in previous lessons, strain energy in a material is the energy stored when it is elastically deformed, a concept crucial in materials science and mechanical engineering. This energy results from the internal work done against the cohesive forces within the material. When a material undergoes shearing stress and corresponding shearing strain, the strain energy density, which is the energy stored per unit volume, is calculated. Within the elastic limit, where the stress is...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 9, 2025

Production of a Strain-Measuring Device with an Improved 3D Printer
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Distributed and dynamic strain sensing with high spatial resolution and large measurable strain range.

Li Zhang, Zhisheng Yang, Nachum Gorbatov

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    |September 15, 2020
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    A novel distributed strain sensing system achieves unprecedented 20 cm spatial resolution using frequency-scanning phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometry (ss-Phased OTDR). This breakthrough enables precise, real-time strain monitoring with high accuracy and speed.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optical Engineering
    • Sensing Technology
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Distributed fiber optic sensing is crucial for structural health monitoring.
    • Existing phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometry (Phased OTDR) systems face limitations in spatial resolution and averaging requirements.
    • Dynamic strain sensing demands high sampling rates and low noise floors.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and demonstrate a distributed and dynamic strain sensing system with enhanced performance.
    • To achieve a record high spatial resolution in fiber optic strain sensing.
    • To enable single-shot operation and high sampling rates for real-time monitoring.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing frequency-scanning phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometry (ss-Phased OTDR).
    • Employing a radio frequency (RF) pulse scheme with a fast arbitrary waveform generator for optical pulse generation.
    • Leveraging a Rayleigh-enhanced fiber to eliminate the need for signal averaging.
    • Implementing direct detection with a least mean square algorithm for data processing.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved a record high spatial resolution of 20 cm.
    • Demonstrated a large measurable strain range (up to 80µε).
    • Attained a fast sampling rate of 27.8 kHz.
    • Obtained a low strain noise floor (<1.8 nε/√Hz below 700 Hz, <0.7 nε/√Hz above 700 Hz).

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed ss-Phased OTDR system offers a significant advancement in distributed strain sensing.
    • The system's high spatial resolution, fast sampling rate, and low noise floor are suitable for dynamic strain measurements.
    • This technology has potential applications in structural health monitoring and other fields requiring precise strain detection.