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Enabling Low-Latency Bluetooth Low Energy on Energy Harvesting Batteryless Devices Using Wake-Up Radios.

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Batteryless Internet of Things (IoT) devices using Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) can reduce latency by incorporating a wake-up radio (WuR). This WuR system improves data delivery for energy-harvesting IoT devices, especially at higher power levels.

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Area of Science:

  • Electronics
  • Computer Engineering
  • Wireless Communication

Background:

  • Growing Internet of Things (IoT) deployments necessitate sustainable power solutions, driving interest in energy harvesting for batteryless devices.
  • Traditional Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) Low Power Nodes (LPNs) face downlink latency issues due to periodic polling, impacting efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effectiveness of integrating a wake-up radio (WuR) with batteryless, energy-harvesting BLE LPNs to mitigate downlink latency.
  • To compare the performance of WuR-based communication against standard BLE duty-cycle polling for IoT devices.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of BLE duty-cycle polling versus WuR-enabled communication between a Friend Node (FN) and a batteryless LPN.
  • Evaluation of system performance based on packet arrival rates, harvesting power, capacitor size, polling intervals, packet delivery ratio (PDR), and downlink latency.

Main Results:

  • WuR-based communication significantly outperforms standard BLE polling for batteryless IoT devices, particularly at harvesting power levels of 400 μW and above.
  • The WuR approach effectively supports high packet delivery ratios even with low packet arrival rates (as low as 1s) when using capacitors of 50 mF or more.

Conclusions:

  • Integrating a WuR is a viable strategy to overcome the latency challenges in batteryless, energy-harvesting BLE IoT systems.
  • Optimized LPN configuration, considering harvesting power and component selection, is crucial for maximizing performance in such systems.