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Zoonotic Diseases: Etiology, Impact, and Control
Md Tanvir Rahman1, Md Abdus Sobur1, Md Saiful Islam1
1Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.
Microorganisms
|September 16, 2020
Summary
Zoonotic diseases, originating from animals, pose a significant threat, with over 60% of human pathogens being zoonotic. Implementing One Health strategies is crucial for managing and preventing these infectious diseases.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Medicine
- Public Health
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Zoonotic diseases are infections transmissible between vertebrate animals and humans.
- Over 60% of known human pathogens are zoonotic in origin, encompassing diverse microorganisms.
- Factors like climate change and urbanization are driving the emergence and spread of zoonoses.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the causes, human health impacts, and control strategies for major zoonotic diseases.
- To highlight the significance of emerging zoonotic diseases, exemplified by COVID-19.
- To emphasize the importance of integrated approaches for zoonotic disease management.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of etiological factors, disease impacts, and control measures.
- Analysis of the influence of environmental and anthropogenic factors on zoonotic disease patterns.
- Case study focus on COVID-19 as a recent zoonotic emergence.
Main Results:
- Zoonotic diseases represent a substantial proportion of human pathogens.
- Climate change, urbanization, and global trade significantly influence zoonotic disease dynamics.
- COVID-19 serves as a critical example of a recent, impactful zoonotic event.
Conclusions:
- Effective prevention and control of zoonoses require a comprehensive understanding of their etiology and transmission.
- Integrated "One Health" approaches, considering animal, human, and environmental health, are essential.
- Continued surveillance and proactive management are necessary to mitigate the impact of emerging and re-emerging zoonotic diseases.
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