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Related Concept Videos

Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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The Thyroid Gland01:23

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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Major Hormones and Their Functions01:27

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Hormones, the biochemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, are pivotal in regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. Each hormone's balance is crucial; imbalances can lead to significant physiological disruptions. Major hormones include oxytocin, cortisol, epinephrine, estrogen, testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
Oxytocin, produced in the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland, plays a role in social bonding, childbirth, and...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
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The Parathyroid Glands00:59

The Parathyroid Glands

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The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 9, 2025

Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis
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COVID-19 and Thyroid: Progress and Prospects.

Francesca Gorini1, Fabrizio Bianchi1, Giorgio Iervasi1

  • 1Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|September 16, 2020
PubMed
Summary

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is linked to thyroid dysfunction. Further research is needed to understand this connection for better patient care and public health strategies.

Keywords:
COVID-19subacute thyroiditisthyroidthyroid diseasethyrotoxicosis

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The global outbreak of COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has led to widespread health concerns.
  • Emerging evidence suggests a potential association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and thyroid dysfunction in humans.
  • This highlights the need for a comprehensive understanding of the virus's impact on the endocrine system.

Discussion:

  • This editorial critically reviews current findings on the relationship between COVID-19 and thyroid disorders.
  • It examines the potential mechanisms linking SARS-CoV-2 infection to thyroid dysfunction.
  • The review emphasizes the importance of considering thyroid health in patients with COVID-19.

Key Insights:

  • COVID-19 infection may trigger or exacerbate various thyroid dysfunctions.
  • The severity of COVID-19 illness appears correlated with the risk of thyroid abnormalities.
  • Early identification and management of thyroid dysfunction in COVID-19 patients are crucial.

Outlook:

  • Future research should focus on elucidating the precise pathophysiological links between SARS-CoV-2 and the thyroid gland.
  • Translational research from basic science to clinical and epidemiological studies is essential.
  • Developing effective public health measures and patient care guidelines for thyroid-related complications of COVID-19 is a priority.