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Related Concept Videos

Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
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Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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The Bone Matrix01:18

The Bone Matrix

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Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in...
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Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification01:29

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

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Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into ...
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Covalent Binding of BMP-2 on Surfaces Using a Self-assembled Monolayer Approach
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Covalent Binding of BMP-2 on Surfaces Using a Self-assembled Monolayer Approach

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Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 in Development and Bone Homeostasis.

Daniel Halloran1, Hilary W Durbano1, Anja Nohe1

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.

Journal of Developmental Biology
|September 16, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (BMP-2) is vital for bone development and repair. While FDA-approved for certain surgeries, adverse effects necessitate exploring alternative bone disorder treatments.

Keywords:
BMP-2CK2CK2.3Smad1/5/8developmentosteoblastsosteoclastsosteoporosis

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Developmental Biology
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs), part of the TGF-β superfamily, regulate crucial developmental processes like osteogenesis.
  • Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (BMP-2) is well-studied for its roles in embryonic development, bone remodeling, and homeostasis.
  • BMP-2 activates osteogenic genes like RUNX2, highlighting its potential in bone regeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the structure, signaling pathways, and clinical applications of BMP-2.
  • To discuss the limitations and adverse effects associated with recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2) therapy.
  • To explore alternative therapeutics for bone disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on BMP-2's role in bone biology and development.
  • Analysis of BMP-2 structure, activation, and regulatory pathways.
  • Examination of clinical applications and reported complications of rhBMP-2.

Main Results:

  • BMP-2 is essential for osteogenesis and is FDA-approved for specific surgical procedures.
  • Clinical use of rhBMP-2 has been associated with adverse complications.
  • Alternative therapeutic strategies are being developed to mitigate BMP-2 side effects.

Conclusions:

  • BMP-2 plays a significant role in bone formation and repair, with established clinical applications.
  • The therapeutic use of BMP-2 is limited by adverse effects, prompting research into alternatives.
  • Further investigation into alternative treatments is crucial for managing bone disorders effectively.