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Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

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Overview
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Conjugated Proteins02:50

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Simple proteins and protein complexes contain only amino acids. In contrast, many other proteins, called conjugated proteins, covalently bond with non-protein moieties.
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Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

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The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
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Controls in Experiments01:13

Controls in Experiments

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When conducting an experiment, it is crucial to have control to reduce bias and accurately measure the dependent variables. It also marks the results more reliable. Controls are elements in an experiment that have the same characteristics as the treatment groups but are not affected by the independent variable. By sorting these data into control and experimental conditions, the relationship between the dependent and independent variables can be drawn. A randomized experiment always includes a...
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Vaccines for COVID-19.

J S Tregoning1, E S Brown1, H M Cheeseman1

  • 1Department of Infectious Disease, St Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK.

Clinical and Experimental Immunology
|September 16, 2020
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This summary is machine-generated.

The development of COVID-19 vaccines (caused by SARS-CoV-2) is rapidly advancing, with numerous platforms being explored. This review examines immune responses, vaccine platforms, and manufacturing challenges for global pandemic control.

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Area of Science:

  • * Virology and Immunology
  • * Vaccinology
  • * Biopharmaceutical Manufacturing

Background:

  • * The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, emerged in late 2019, prompting unprecedented vaccine development efforts.
  • * Over 200 vaccine candidates entered preclinical development, with 43 in clinical trials by September 2020, utilizing novel approaches.
  • * Vaccines are critical for returning to normalcy, requiring global manufacturing and equitable access.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To review immune responses necessary for protection against SARS-CoV-2.
  • * To explore potential vaccine-induced immunopathology.
  • * To analyze various vaccine platforms, their pros and cons, and the transition from preclinical to large-scale manufacturing.

Main Methods:

  • * Comprehensive literature review of preclinical and clinical vaccine development for COVID-19.
  • * Analysis of emerging data on SARS-CoV-2 immunology and vaccine-induced immune responses.
  • * Evaluation of different vaccine technology platforms (e.g., mRNA, viral vector, protein subunit).

Main Results:

  • * Multiple vaccine platforms are in development, each with unique advantages and disadvantages.
  • * Understanding of protective immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 is evolving.
  • * Significant challenges exist in scaling up vaccine production and ensuring global distribution.

Conclusions:

  • * The rapid advancement in COVID-19 vaccine development offers hope for pandemic control.
  • * Careful consideration of immune responses and potential immunopathology is crucial.
  • * Addressing manufacturing and equitable access are key global challenges for effective vaccine deployment.