Jove
Visualize
Contact Us

Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

50.5K
Overview
50.5K
Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

854
Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
854
Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

748
Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
748
Conjugated Proteins02:50

Conjugated Proteins

25.0K
Simple proteins and protein complexes contain only amino acids. In contrast, many other proteins, called conjugated proteins, covalently bond with non-protein moieties.
Nucleoproteins are protein complexes that contain nucleic acids, categorized as deoxyribonucleoproteins (DNPs) or ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) respectively. The nucleosome is a typical example of a DNP where nuclear DNA is associated with histone proteins. The major antigen for the Covid-19 virus SARS-CoV is an RNP that is critical...
25.0K
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

1.5K
The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
1.5K
Controls in Experiments01:13

Controls in Experiments

14.5K
When conducting an experiment, it is crucial to have control to reduce bias and accurately measure the dependent variables. It also marks the results more reliable. Controls are elements in an experiment that have the same characteristics as the treatment groups but are not affected by the independent variable. By sorting these data into control and experimental conditions, the relationship between the dependent and independent variables can be drawn. A randomized experiment always includes a...
14.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Science funding needs fixing - but not through chaotic reforms.

Nature·2026
Same author

HIV-1 envelope trimer vaccine induces sex-associated differences in antibody responses: a phase 1 clinical trial.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Un-personalized medicine: the challenges of vaccines as a single medicine for a whole population.

Clinical and experimental immunology·2025
Same author

Safety and Immunogenicity of a Modified Self-Amplifying Ribonucleic Acid (saRNA) Vaccine Encoding SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein in SARS-CoV-2 Seronegative and Seropositive Ugandan Individuals.

Vaccines·2025
Same author

Real-world evidence: state-of-the-art and future perspectives.

Journal of comparative effectiveness research·2025
Same author

Nanoscale Biodegradable Printing for Designed Tuneability of Vaccine Delivery Kinetics.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2025
Same journal

Helios expression in naïve CD4+ T cells decreases from neonates to older adults.

Clinical and experimental immunology·2026
Same journal

Could we discuss the molecular signature of immune dysregulation?

Clinical and experimental immunology·2026
Same journal

The many faces of cytokine storm syndrome: immunopathogenic mechanisms and clinical implications for a better patient management.

Clinical and experimental immunology·2026
Same journal

PD-1 Engagement and Circulating Th17 Effector Activity During Secukinumab Treatment in Plaque Psoriasis.

Clinical and experimental immunology·2026
Same journal

Henoch-Schoenlein purpura (HSP) like lesions in IL12RB1 and IL12B defects - A multi-centric experience from India.

Clinical and experimental immunology·2026
Same journal

Case Series on the Efficacy of Daratumumab in Treating Patients with Anti-Interferon-Gamma Autoantibodies.

Clinical and experimental immunology·2026
See all related articles
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 8, 2025

Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2
08:41

Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2

Published on: November 5, 2021

3.1K

Vaccines for COVID-19.

J S Tregoning1, E S Brown1, H M Cheeseman1

  • 1Department of Infectious Disease, St Mary's Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK.

Clinical and Experimental Immunology
|September 16, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The development of COVID-19 vaccines (caused by SARS-CoV-2) is rapidly advancing, with numerous platforms being explored. This review examines immune responses, vaccine platforms, and manufacturing challenges for global pandemic control.

More Related Videos

Efficient Transfection of In vitro Transcribed mRNA in Cultured Cells Using Peptide-Poloxamine Nanoparticles
10:16

Efficient Transfection of In vitro Transcribed mRNA in Cultured Cells Using Peptide-Poloxamine Nanoparticles

Published on: August 17, 2022

3.7K
Author Spotlight: Studying Host-Virus Interactions with Pseudotyped Viruses
05:49

Author Spotlight: Studying Host-Virus Interactions with Pseudotyped Viruses

Published on: November 21, 2023

2.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 8, 2025

Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2
08:41

Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2

Published on: November 5, 2021

3.1K
Efficient Transfection of In vitro Transcribed mRNA in Cultured Cells Using Peptide-Poloxamine Nanoparticles
10:16

Efficient Transfection of In vitro Transcribed mRNA in Cultured Cells Using Peptide-Poloxamine Nanoparticles

Published on: August 17, 2022

3.7K
Author Spotlight: Studying Host-Virus Interactions with Pseudotyped Viruses
05:49

Author Spotlight: Studying Host-Virus Interactions with Pseudotyped Viruses

Published on: November 21, 2023

2.2K

Area of Science:

  • * Virology and Immunology
  • * Vaccinology
  • * Biopharmaceutical Manufacturing

Background:

  • * The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, emerged in late 2019, prompting unprecedented vaccine development efforts.
  • * Over 200 vaccine candidates entered preclinical development, with 43 in clinical trials by September 2020, utilizing novel approaches.
  • * Vaccines are critical for returning to normalcy, requiring global manufacturing and equitable access.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To review immune responses necessary for protection against SARS-CoV-2.
  • * To explore potential vaccine-induced immunopathology.
  • * To analyze various vaccine platforms, their pros and cons, and the transition from preclinical to large-scale manufacturing.

Main Methods:

  • * Comprehensive literature review of preclinical and clinical vaccine development for COVID-19.
  • * Analysis of emerging data on SARS-CoV-2 immunology and vaccine-induced immune responses.
  • * Evaluation of different vaccine technology platforms (e.g., mRNA, viral vector, protein subunit).

Main Results:

  • * Multiple vaccine platforms are in development, each with unique advantages and disadvantages.
  • * Understanding of protective immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 is evolving.
  • * Significant challenges exist in scaling up vaccine production and ensuring global distribution.

Conclusions:

  • * The rapid advancement in COVID-19 vaccine development offers hope for pandemic control.
  • * Careful consideration of immune responses and potential immunopathology is crucial.
  • * Addressing manufacturing and equitable access are key global challenges for effective vaccine deployment.