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Updated: Dec 8, 2025

Preparation of Naringenin Solution for In Vivo Application
Published on: August 10, 2021
Assessment of Oral Bioavailability and Biotransformation of Emulsified Nobiletin Using In Vitro and In Vivo Models
Man Zhang1, Konglong Feng2,3, Guiying Huang4
1Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick 08901, New Jersey, United States.
Abstract:
Nobiletin has received much attention for its promising biological activities. Owing to its limited solubility, various encapsulation strategies have been developed to enhance nobiletin bioavailability. However, the understanding of the bioavailability and biotransformation of nobiletin in vivo and the correlation between in vitro and in vivo data remains limited. This study developed a high-loading nobiletin (1%) emulsion. The in vitro models, which combined pH-stat lipolysis with a Franz cell, showed very good correlation with in vivo data for the relative bioavailability. Rat studies showed that nobiletin had a high absolute bioavailability (≈20% for oil suspension). Besides, the emulsification improved the amount of bioavailable nobiletin and its major metabolite in the blood by about two times, as compared to an oil suspension. This work provides scientific insights into a rapid screening method for delivery systems and a better understanding of the biological fate of nobiletin in vivo.
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