Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

29.7K
The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
29.7K
Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

13.7K
Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
13.7K
Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:24

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

8.8K
Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
8.8K
Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

3.7K
Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
3.7K
Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.7K
The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
2.7K
Radical Formation: Homolysis00:54

Radical Formation: Homolysis

4.1K
A bond is formed between two atoms by sharing two electrons. When this bond is broken by supplying sufficient energy, either two electrons can be taken up by one atom forming ions by the cleavage called heterolysis, or the two electrons are shared by two atoms, with one each creating radicals by the cleavage called homolysis.
4.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

PPTMP: An Asymmetric Tetradentate Ligand for Trivalent Lanthanide/Actinide Separation in Nuclear Waste Management.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same author

Contrasting single-molecule magnet behaviour in dysprosium and terbium bis(stannolediide) complexes.

Nature chemistry·2026
Same author

Toward Understanding Prolate 4f Monomers: Numerical Predictions and Experimental Validation of Electronic Properties and Slow Relaxation in a Muffin-Shaped Er<sup>III</sup> Complex.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same author

Pure Molecular Inorganic Rings: Mixed Group 14/15 Metallacycles.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2025
Same author

Magnetic properties of monomeric and polymeric stannolediide yttrium and erbium complexes.

Communications chemistry·2025
Same author

Silicon-Based Azo Compound-Mediated CO Activation and N<sub>2</sub> Release.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 8, 2025

Expression, Purification, Crystallization, and Enzyme Assays of Fumarylacetoacetate Hydrolase Domain-Containing Proteins
10:21

Expression, Purification, Crystallization, and Enzyme Assays of Fumarylacetoacetate Hydrolase Domain-Containing Proteins

Published on: June 20, 2019

24.7K

FLP-catalysis meets hydrogen-bond activation.

Nikolai A Sitte1, Laura Köring1, Peter W Roesky2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany. jan.paradies@uni-paderborn.de.

Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry
|September 16, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chiral amidines and boranes enable metal-free hydrogen activation for asymmetric hydrogenation. This study explores their potential in synthesizing valuable chiral compounds from various substrates.

More Related Videos

Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes
12:08

Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes

Published on: June 24, 2022

3.9K
Coupled Assays for Monitoring Protein Refolding in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
13:52

Coupled Assays for Monitoring Protein Refolding in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Published on: July 9, 2013

10.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 8, 2025

Expression, Purification, Crystallization, and Enzyme Assays of Fumarylacetoacetate Hydrolase Domain-Containing Proteins
10:21

Expression, Purification, Crystallization, and Enzyme Assays of Fumarylacetoacetate Hydrolase Domain-Containing Proteins

Published on: June 20, 2019

24.7K
Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes
12:08

Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes

Published on: June 24, 2022

3.9K
Coupled Assays for Monitoring Protein Refolding in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
13:52

Coupled Assays for Monitoring Protein Refolding in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Published on: July 9, 2013

10.6K

Area of Science:

  • Organometallic Chemistry
  • Catalysis
  • Organic Synthesis

Background:

  • Metal-free catalysis is an emerging field for sustainable chemical synthesis.
  • Hydrogen activation is crucial for many catalytic transformations.
  • Chiral catalysts are essential for enantioselective synthesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of chiral amidines and non-chiral boranes in metal-free hydrogen activation.
  • To investigate the catalytic activity of the resulting chiral amidiunium borohydride salts in asymmetric hydrogenation.
  • To evaluate the scope and efficiency of these catalysts for various substrates.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of chiral amidines and non-chiral boranes.
  • Formation of chiral amidiunium borohydride salts.
  • Asymmetric hydrogenation reactions using the synthesized salts as catalysts.
  • Analysis of reaction products using chiral chromatography and spectroscopy.

Main Results:

  • Successful metal-free hydrogen activation was achieved using the developed systems.
  • The chiral amidiunium borohydride salts demonstrated catalytic activity in asymmetric hydrogenation.
  • High enantioselectivities were observed in the hydrogenation of ketimines, activated double bonds, and dehydroaminoacid esters.
  • The methodology offers a promising alternative to traditional metal-catalyzed hydrogenation.

Conclusions:

  • The combination of chiral amidines and boranes provides an effective platform for metal-free asymmetric hydrogenation.
  • This approach offers a sustainable and efficient route to enantiomerically enriched compounds.
  • Further development of this catalytic system could lead to broader applications in organic synthesis.