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Macrocycles and Supramolecules as Antioxidants: Excellent Scaffolds for Development of Potential Therapeutic Agents
Jung-Seop Lee1, In-Ho Song1, Pramod B Shinde2
1Institute of Applied Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200702, Korea.
Abstract:
Oxidative stress due to the high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that damage biomolecules (lipids, proteins, DNA) results in acute inflammation. However, without proper intervention, acute inflammation progresses to chronic inflammation and then to several chronic diseases, including cancer, myocardial infarction, cardiovascular diseases, chronic inflammation, atherosclerosis, and more. There has been extensive research on the antioxidants of natural origin. However, there are myriad possibilities for the development of synthetic antioxidants for pharmacological applications. There is an increasing interest in the identification of novel synthetic antioxidants for the modulation of biochemical processes related to ROS. In this regard, derivatives of supramolecules, such as calix[n]arene, resorcinarene, calixtyrosol, calixpyrrole, cucurbit[n]uril, porphyrin etc. are gaining attention for their abilities to scavenge the free radicals. Supramolecular chemistry offers excellent scaffolds for the development of novel antioxidants that can be used to modulate free radical reactions and to improve the disorders related to oxidative stress. This review focuses on the interdisciplinary approach for the design and development of novel synthetic antioxidants based on supramolecular scaffolds, with potentially protective effects against oxidative stress.
Insights
Synthetic antioxidants derived from supramolecular scaffolds show promise for combating oxidative stress and inflammation. These novel compounds offer potential therapeutic benefits against diseases linked to reactive oxygen species (ROS).
Area of Science:
- Supramolecular Chemistry
- Medicinal Chemistry
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Oxidative stress from reactive oxygen species (ROS) damages biomolecules, leading to acute inflammation.
- Unresolved acute inflammation can progress to chronic inflammation and diseases like cancer and cardiovascular conditions.
- While natural antioxidants are studied, synthetic options offer vast potential for pharmacological applications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the design and development of novel synthetic antioxidants.
- To investigate supramolecular scaffolds for antioxidant drug discovery.
- To focus on modulating biochemical processes related to ROS and oxidative stress.
Main Methods:
- Reviewing interdisciplinary approaches in synthetic antioxidant development.
- Examining supramolecular scaffolds like calixarenes, resorcinarenes, and porphyrins.
- Assessing the free radical scavenging abilities of supramolecular derivatives.
Main Results:
- Supramolecular chemistry provides versatile scaffolds for creating novel antioxidants.
- Derivatives of calix[n]arene, resorcinarene, and porphyrins show potential in scavenging free radicals.
- These synthetic antioxidants can modulate free radical reactions.
Conclusions:
- Novel synthetic antioxidants based on supramolecular scaffolds are promising for therapeutic use.
- These compounds offer a strategy to combat disorders related to oxidative stress.
- Further development holds potential for treating oxidative stress-induced diseases.
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