Electrogenerated chemiluminescence sensor for the determination of

Area of Science:

• Electrochemistry
• Analytical Chemistry
• Materials Science

Background:

• Development of sensitive analytical methods for pharmaceutical compounds is crucial.
• Electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) offers high sensitivity for analyte detection.
• Graphene's unique properties can enhance electrochemical sensor performance.

Purpose of the Study:

• To fabricate a novel electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) sensor for propranolol hydrochloride determination.
• To utilize tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) (Ru(bpy)32+) as an ECL signal producer and graphene as a modifier.
• To develop a sensitive, stable, and reliable method for propranolol hydrochloride analysis.

Main Methods:

• Fabrication of an ECL sensor by adsorbing Ru(bpy)32+ onto a graphene-Nafion composite.
• Modification of an electrode with the Ru(bpy)32+-graphene-Nafion material.
• Measurement of ECL intensity changes in the presence of propranolol hydrochloride.

Main Results:

• Graphene significantly enhanced the ECL intensity of Ru(bpy)32+.
• ECL intensity decreased upon the addition of propranolol hydrochloride, forming the basis for detection.
• The sensor achieved a linear detection range of 1.0 × 10-10 to 5.0 × 10-9 mol L-1 for propranolol hydrochloride.
• A low detection limit of 3 × 10-11 mol L-1 was obtained.
• The sensor demonstrated long-term stability and reproducibility.

Conclusions:

• A sensitive and stable ECL sensor for propranolol hydrochloride was successfully developed.
• The Ru(bpy)32+-graphene-Nafion modified electrode provides a robust platform for drug analysis.
• The method is suitable for the determination of propranolol hydrochloride in real pharmaceutical samples.