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Related Concept Videos

Peptide Bonds02:43

Peptide Bonds

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A peptide bond covalently attaches amino acids through a dehydration reaction. One amino acid's carboxyl group and another amino acid's amino group combine, releasing a water molecule. The resulting bond is the peptide bond. The products that such linkages form are peptides. As more amino acids join this growing chain, the resulting chain is a polypeptide. Each polypeptide has a free amino group at one end. This end has the N-terminal, or the amino-terminal, and the other end has a free...
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Amino acids03:42

Amino acids

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Amino acids are the monomers that comprise proteins. Each amino acid has the same fundamental structure, which consists of a central carbon atom, or the alpha (α) carbon, bonded to an amino group (NH2), a carboxyl group (COOH), and to a hydrogen atom. Every amino acid also has another atom or group of atoms bonded to the central atom known as the R group. There are 20 common amino acids present in proteins, each with a different R group. Variation in the amino acid sequence is responsible for...
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Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

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Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
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Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Overview01:15

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Carboxylic acid derivatives are formed by replacing the hydroxyl group of carboxylic acids with a different functional group. The most common carboxylic acid derivatives are:
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Structure of Amines01:19

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The hybridized nitrogen atom in amines possesses a lone pair of electrons and is bound to three substituents with a bond angle of around 108°, which is less than the tetrahedral angle of 109.5°. However, the C–N–H bond angle is slightly larger at 112°, with a carbon–nitrogen bond length of 147 pm. This carbon–nitrogen bond length of of amines is longer than the carbon–oxygen bond of alcohols (143 pm) but shorter than alkanes’ carbon–carbon bond (154 pm). These aspects are...
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The Fluid Mosaic Model01:34

The Fluid Mosaic Model

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The fluid mosaic model was first proposed as a visual representation of research observations. The model comprises the composition and dynamics of membranes and serves as a foundation for future membrane-related studies. The model depicts the structure of the plasma membrane with a variety of components, which include phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. These integral molecules are loosely bound, defining the cell’s border and providing fluidity for optimal function.
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Amino Acid and Peptide-Based Liquid Crystals: An Overview.

Govindaswamy Shanker1, Bishwajit Paul1, Anjali Ganjiwale2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Bangalore University, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bangalore, 560056, India.

Current Organic Synthesis
|September 17, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Amino acids and peptides are revolutionizing material chemistry by enabling the creation of novel liquid crystals (LCs). This review compiles small peptide-based LCs (SPLCs) with unique properties and applications.

Keywords:
Amino acidsDSCSAXSamphotropicbicontinuouscolumnarcubicgelatorsionic liquidliquid crystalslyotropicnon-covalent interactionsoptical polarizing microscopic imagespeptidesphenylalaninepolycatenarspromesogenicsmecticthermotropic

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Area of Science:

  • Material Chemistry
  • Biomolecular Engineering
  • Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • Amino acids and peptides are crucial building blocks in biological systems and advanced materials.
  • Liquid Crystals (LCs) are essential in electronic displays and biological sensing applications.
  • Conventional LC synthesis lacks precise strategies for desired properties, especially room-temperature LCs (RT-LCs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the advancements in small peptide-based liquid crystals (SPLCs).
  • To highlight the unique properties and diverse applications of SPLCs.
  • To emphasize the potential of peptides in designing novel LC systems.

Main Methods:

  • Compilation and analysis of existing literature on peptide-based LCs.
  • Focus on molecular design principles utilizing amino acids and linear peptides.
  • Categorization of SPLCs based on lyotropic and thermotropic phase behavior.

Main Results:

  • Peptides impart unique characteristics to LCs, including chirality, directionality, and stimuli-responsiveness.
  • Small peptide motifs enable the construction of complex supramolecular architectures.
  • SPLCs exhibit promising lyotropic and thermotropic phases with diverse applications.

Conclusions:

  • Small peptide-based LCs offer a promising avenue for developing advanced materials with tailored properties.
  • Peptide integration overcomes limitations in conventional LC design, particularly for RT-LCs.
  • Further research into SPLCs will drive innovation in materials science and biotechnology.