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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 8, 2025

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging
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Affording autism an early brain development re-definition.

Ami Klin1,2,3,4, Megan Micheletti5, Cheryl Klaiman1,2,3

  • 1Marcus Autism Center, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Development and Psychopathology
|September 17, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Despite national efforts, early autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis remains delayed, especially for underserved groups. This review proposes redefining ASD based on early brain development to improve intervention outcomes.

Keywords:
autism spectrum disorderbrain developmentdefinitionearly diagnosisearly intervention

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Area of Science:

  • Neurodevelopmental disorders
  • Pediatric medicine
  • Genetics

Background:

  • National initiatives to advance early detection and intervention for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have not reduced the age of diagnosis in the US.
  • Traditionally underserved populations continue to experience later ASD diagnoses.
  • Current perceptions of ASD may be influenced by outdated definitions and historical associations, creating a perceptual barrier.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore a potential perceptual barrier hindering early ASD diagnosis and intervention.
  • To propose a re-definition of ASD grounded in early brain development.
  • To counter outdated notions that disability is predetermined at birth and that improvement is limited to symptom alleviation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and conceptual analysis.
  • Examination of current scientific understanding of ASD.
  • Proposal of a re-definition of ASD based on neurodevelopmental principles.

Main Results:

  • A perceptual barrier exists, rooted in outdated definitions and historical views of ASD.
  • Current scientific understanding contradicts the notion that ASD-related disability is fixed at birth.
  • Opportunities exist to optimize outcomes by leveraging current science in early brain development.

Conclusions:

  • Redefining ASD in terms of early brain development can overcome perceptual barriers.
  • This re-definition aligns with current science and opens new avenues for intervention.
  • Shifting perspectives can counter self-fulfilling prophecies in science and policy regarding ASD outcomes.