Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...

Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers

Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers

Retroviruses are RNA viruses that have been shown to cause cancers in diverse species, including chickens, mice, cats, and monkeys. The RNA genomes of these viruses are first reverse-transcribed into single and then double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) copies. This dsDNA called proviral DNA then integrates into the host genome. Subsequently, the host cell transcribes the proviral DNA in concert with the chromosomal DNA. This leads to the production of viral RNA and proteins that assemble at the host...

Cancer Therapies

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

BTK inhibition enhances immunovirotherapy in glioblastoma via tertiary lymphoid structure modulation.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same author

PRMT5 inhibition impairs Fanconi Anemia pathway-mediated homologous recombination and enhances the antitumor efficacy of Temozolomide in glioblastoma.

Cell death & disease·2026

Same author

Brain metastases from non-small cell lung cancer: molecular subtypes and emerging CNS-directed precision therapies.

Frontiers in oncology·2026

Same author

Author Correction: Retargeted oncolytic viruses engineered to remodel the tumor microenvironment for glioblastoma immunotherapy.

Nature cancer·2026

Same author

CD73 blockade enhances antitumor efficacy of oHSV in solid tumors by increasing macrophage-mediated antigen presentation.

Journal for immunotherapy of cancer·2026

Same author

Oncolytic HSV-1-Mediated JAG1 Blockade Induces Glioma Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype to Increase Macrophage Activation and Cetuximab-Mediated Senolysis.

Cancer research·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 8, 2025

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

Published on: January 7, 2019

Oncolytic HSV Vectors and Anti-Tumor Immunity.

Joseph C Glorioso¹, Justus B Cohen¹, William F Goins¹

¹Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA , USA.

Current Issues in Molecular Biology

|September 17, 2020

Summary

Oncolytic viruses (OVs) selectively kill tumor cells and stimulate anti-tumor immunity. Oncolytic herpes simplex viruses (oHSVs) show promise for cancer treatment by enhancing immune responses and releasing tumor antigens.

More Related Videos

Transarterial Administration of Oncolytic Viruses for Locoregional Therapy of Orthotopic HCC in Rats

Transarterial Administration of Oncolytic Viruses for Locoregional Therapy of Orthotopic HCC in Rats

Published on: April 15, 2016

Handling of the Cotton Rat in Studies for the Pre-clinical Evaluation of Oncolytic Viruses

Handling of the Cotton Rat in Studies for the Pre-clinical Evaluation of Oncolytic Viruses

Published on: November 24, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 8, 2025

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

Published on: January 7, 2019

Transarterial Administration of Oncolytic Viruses for Locoregional Therapy of Orthotopic HCC in Rats

Transarterial Administration of Oncolytic Viruses for Locoregional Therapy of Orthotopic HCC in Rats

Published on: April 15, 2016

Handling of the Cotton Rat in Studies for the Pre-clinical Evaluation of Oncolytic Viruses

Handling of the Cotton Rat in Studies for the Pre-clinical Evaluation of Oncolytic Viruses

Published on: November 24, 2014

Area of Science:

Virology
Immunology
Oncology

Background:

Oncolytic viruses (OVs) offer dual therapeutic action: direct tumor cell killing and induction of anti-tumor immune responses.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have demonstrated efficacy by overcoming tumor-induced T cell exhaustion.
OV-mediated tumor lysis releases tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), acting as in situ vaccines to promote adaptive immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the therapeutic potential of oncolytic viruses (OVs) in cancer treatment.
To highlight the advantages of oncolytic herpes simplex viruses (oHSVs) as OV vectors.
To review clinical experiences and strategies for enhancing HSV-based OV cancer therapy.

Main Methods:

Review of biological features of herpes simplex virus (HSV) relevant to OV therapy.
Analysis of clinical data and outcomes for HSV-based OV treatments.
Discussion of strategies for improving the efficacy and applicability of oHSVs in cancer.

Main Results:

OVs stimulate inflammation and can be engineered to enhance anti-tumor immunity.
Tumor destruction by OVs facilitates the release of TAAs, priming adaptive immune responses.
Oncolytic herpes simplex viruses (oHSVs) are extensively studied, with one approved therapy for melanoma.

Conclusions:

HSV possesses inherent biological characteristics that make it a suitable candidate for OV development.
Clinical application of HSV-based OVs is expanding, with ongoing research focused on optimizing their use.
Further strategies are needed to broaden the application of oHSVs across various cancer types.