Spin-density studies of the multiferroic metal-organic compound [NH₂(CH₃)₂][Fe^IIIFe^II(HCOO)₆]

Polarized neutron diffraction is used to study in depth the magnetic properties of the heterometallic compound [NH₂(CH₃)₂][Fe^IIIFe^II(HCOO)₆] and give insight into its magnetic behaviour, addressing open questions that will contribute to a better understanding of this attention-grabbing material and other related ones. Previous results revealed that upon cooling, the magnetic moments of the Fe^II and Fe^III sites do not order simultaneously: the magnetization of the Fe^II site increases faster than that of the Fe^III sites. Unpolarized neutron diffraction measurements at 2 K with no external field revealed some discrepancies in the saturation value of the magnetic signal on the Fe^III sites and in the ferromagnetic moment along the c axis. These discrepancies could be related to the actual distribution of magnetic moment, since unpolarized neutron diffraction gives information on the magnetic moment localized only on the magnetic ions. Polarized neutron diffraction allows an analysis of the magnitude of the spin density over magnetic and non-magnetic ions (the organic ligand and the counterion), which can give a clue to explain the low saturation on the Fe^III sites and the correlation with the physical measurements. The present study also contributes to the understanding of the magneto-electric behaviour of this compound, giving insight into the role of metal disorder in the origin of the structural phase transition, which is responsible for its antiferrolelectric order, and into the influence of spin-density delocalization on its magneto-electric properties, allowing a discussion of the alternative explanations given so far for its electric properties at low temperature.