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Related Concept Videos

Gastrulation01:56

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Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata...
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During early development, the embryo forms two types of connective tissues— the mesenchyme and mucoid connective tissue.
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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...
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The cadherins are a superfamily of cell adhesion molecules comprising over 180 variants, with specific tissues expressing a particular combination of cadherin types. Cadherins generally exhibit homophilic binding; i.e., cadherins on one cell bind to cadherins of the same or closely related type on another cell. Thus, cells of the same type have a specific affinity to bind to each other and sort themselves into clusters to form tissues.
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Induction and Analysis of Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition
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Perspective on Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transitions in Embryos.

David R McClay1

  • 1Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. dmcclay@duke.edu.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|September 17, 2020
PubMed
Summary

The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is crucial for early animal development, involving cell changes like de-adhesion and motility. Key questions remain about controlling and coordinating these complex cellular events during embryogenesis.

Keywords:
Epithelial-mesenchymal transitionGastrulationMorphogenesisSea urchin

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Embryogenesis

Background:

  • The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is fundamental for establishing the body plan in metazoans.
  • EMT involves coordinated cell de-adhesion, motility, invasion, and polarity changes.
  • Despite decades of research since Betty Hay named EMT, significant questions persist regarding its regulation and coordination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore outstanding questions in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).
  • To discuss the control mechanisms governing EMT.
  • To understand the coordination of cellular events during EMT.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on EMT.
  • Conceptual analysis of developmental processes.
  • Identification of key research gaps and future directions.

Main Results:

  • EMT is a complex process involving multiple cellular events.
  • The precise control and coordination of EMT remain incompletely understood.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the regulatory networks and mechanisms driving EMT.

Conclusions:

  • EMT is essential for metazoan development, requiring precise cellular coordination.
  • Understanding the control and coordination of EMT is critical for developmental biology.
  • Future studies should focus on unraveling the intricate molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying EMT.