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Interpreting pragmatic markers following proverbs.

Todd R Ferretti1, Deanna C Hall1, Fadi Mansour1

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Interpreting "literally" after proverbs is harder than "figuratively." Brain responses show "literally" clashes more with familiar sayings, especially unfamiliar ones.

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Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Pragmatic markers like 'literally' and 'figuratively' modify meaning.
  • Understanding their interpretation after figurative language is key.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cognitive processing of 'literally' and 'figuratively' following proverbs.
  • To examine how familiarity of proverbs affects the interpretation of these markers.

Main Methods:

  • Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) measured online comprehension costs.
  • An offline sensibility rating task assessed interpretation coherence.

Main Results:

  • N400 potentials indicated 'literally' had lower semantic congruence than 'figuratively'.
  • Late positive potentials revealed greater difficulty resolving incongruent markers after unfamiliar proverbs.
  • Offline ratings showed 'literally' was less sensible, and both markers were more sensible with familiar proverbs.

Conclusions:

  • The interpretation of pragmatic markers is sensitive to context and proverb familiarity.
  • Processing incongruent markers, especially with unfamiliar proverbs, incurs cognitive costs.