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Related Concept Videos

Infection01:20

Infection

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When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
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Viral Recombination00:57

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Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
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Causality in Epidemiology01:21

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Causality or causation is a fundamental concept in epidemiology, vital for understanding the relationships between various factors and health outcomes. Despite its importance, there's no single, universally accepted definition of causality within the discipline. Drawing from a systematic review, causality in epidemiology encompasses several definitions, including production, necessary and sufficient, sufficient-component, counterfactual, and probabilistic models. Each has its strengths and...
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Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets01:17

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Transmission-based precautions are for patients known to be infected or suspected to be infected or colonized with organisms that pose a significant risk to others. Some transmission-based precautions include contact, enteric, and droplet.
Contact Precautions:
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Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
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Controls in Experiments01:13

Controls in Experiments

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When conducting an experiment, it is crucial to have control to reduce bias and accurately measure the dependent variables. It also marks the results more reliable. Controls are elements in an experiment that have the same characteristics as the treatment groups but are not affected by the independent variable. By sorting these data into control and experimental conditions, the relationship between the dependent and independent variables can be drawn. A randomized experiment always includes a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 8, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Multiplex Detection of Respiratory Viruses
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Author Spotlight: Advancements in Multiplex Detection of Respiratory Viruses

Published on: November 10, 2023

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Connection, Contagion, and COVID-19.

Lisa J Hardy

    Medical Anthropology
    |September 17, 2020
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Public perception of the COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S. intertwines biology with politics, inequality, and racism. Understanding these social dynamics is crucial for analyzing responses to the virus and social movements.

    Keywords:
    United Statesconspiracycontagionracism

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    Area of Science:

    • Anthropology
    • Sociology
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • Anthropological studies have long recognized the links between contagion perceptions, xenophobia, and racism.
    • The COVID-19 pandemic has amplified existing social tensions, particularly in the United States.
    • Public understanding of the pandemic is shaped by political affiliation and social inequalities, not solely biological factors.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To analyze how understandings of the COVID-19 virus's biology are integrated with perceptions of politics, inequality, and national division.
    • To explore the social and political responses to the pandemic within the context of racial inequality and social movements.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of 50 semi-structured interviews conducted between March and August 2020.
    • Qualitative research examining public perceptions of the pandemic, its biological aspects, and its social implications.

    Main Results:

    • The study demonstrates that the public perceives COVID-19 not just as a biological threat but as a manifestation of political divisions and social inequalities.
    • Public understanding of the virus is influenced by its perceived maliciousness and mysterious nature, exacerbating existing social tensions.
    • These perceptions provide a backdrop for understanding ongoing social movements, such as those connected to Black Lives Matter.

    Conclusions:

    • It is essential to investigate xenophobia, inequality, and racism alongside the biological impact of SARS-CoV-2 to comprehend social and political responses to the pandemic.
    • Public perception of infectious diseases is deeply intertwined with socio-political contexts, highlighting the need for interdisciplinary approaches in public health.
    • Addressing the pandemic requires acknowledging and understanding the complex interplay of biological, social, and political factors.